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LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) is caused by a deficiency of the α2 subunit of laminin due to mutation of the LAMA2 gene.
Typical LAMA2-CMD cases present with prominent hypotonia and weakness in infancy. Congenital contractures are a common finding in the hands and feet.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetically determined X-linked disease. The manifestation of muscle weakness typically starts around the age of 4-5 in males and deteriorates fast. Typically muscle loss occurs first in the upper legs and pelvis followed by muscles of the upper arms. It is
BACKGROUND
Energy insufficiency:
Mitochondrial and metabolic myopathies are inherited diseases compromising cellular energy metabolism, which especially affects skeletal muscle because of its high energy needs. Chemical energy is stored in the body as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived
LAMA2-MD is a congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) subtype caused by mutations in the laminin alpha 2 gene. LAMA2-MD may present clinically as an early onset, severe phenotype or a late onset limb girdle phenotype. The early onset form is most commonly associated with a complete absence of merosin on