pilocarpine/hypoxia

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Decreased neuron loss and memory dysfunction in pilocarpine-treated rats pre-exposed to hypoxia.

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Preconditioning can induce a cascade of cellular events leading to neuroprotection against subsequent brain insults. In this study, we investigated the chronic effects of hypoxic preconditioning on spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), neuronal death, and spatial memory performance in rats subjected

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression is associated with hippocampal apoptosis during epileptogenesis.

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Cell apoptosis can cause hippocampal neuronal loss after epileptic seizures. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α is an important factor mediating apoptosis after brain injuries, such as cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injures, but little research has been done on its role in the lithium

Effects of pilocarpine on breathing movements in normal, chemodenervated and brain stem-transected fetal sheep.

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1. We examined the effects on fetal breathing movements (FBM) and electrocortical activity (ECoG) of the administration of pilocarpine to three groups of fetal sheep in utero: one group had peripheral chemodenervation; one group had peripheral chemodenervation and transection of the brain stem at

Cholinergic and anticholinergic drug effects on survival during hypoxia: significant gender differences.

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We examined central and peripheral components of cholinergic drug protection against hypoxia in male and female mice. Survival times were measured in groups of control and treated (i.p. injection) animals exposed to hypoxia (5% O2/95% N2). Body temperatures were also measured in separate groups of

Erythropoietin preconditioning on hippocampus neuronal apoptosis following status epilepticus induced by Li-pilocarpine in rats through anti-caspase-3 expression.

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Selective neuronal loss following status epilepticus (SE) was first described just under 100 years ago. The acute pathology following SE was shown to be 'ischemic cell change' and was assumed to arise through hypoxia/ischemia. Recently, erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to have potent

Pilocarpine protects cobalt chloride-induced apoptosis of RGC-5 cells: involvement of muscarinic receptors and HIF-1 alpha pathway.

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The retina is the most metabolically active tissue in the human body and hypoxia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death has been implicated in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The aim of this study is to determine whether muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine, a classic antiglaucoma drug,

In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI during lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in the rat.

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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with febrile convulsions and childhood status epilepticus (SE). Since the initial precipitating injury, triggering epileptogenesis, occurs during this SE, we aimed to examine the metabolic and morphological cerebral changes during the acute phase of

Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Is Associated with P-Glycoprotein Induction in Cardiomyocytes, Electrocardiographic Changes, and Sudden Death.

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Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the major cause of death in those patients suffering from refractory epilepsy (RE), with a 24-fold higher risk relative to the normal population. SUDEP risk increases with seizure frequency and/or seizure-duration as in RE and Status Epilepticus (SE).

Altered expression of hypoxia-Inducible factor-1α participates in the epileptogenesis in animal models.

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Although epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, its mechanism(s) are still not completely understood. Hypoxia can lead to neuronal cell death and angiogenesis, and the same mechanisms were also found in epilepsy. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important transcription protein that

Synaptic connections of hilar basal dendrites of dentate granule cells in a neonatal hypoxia model of epilepsy.

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Numerous animal models of epileptogenesis demonstrate neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus. These changes occur not only for the mature neurons and glia, but also for the newly generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus. One of these changes, the sprouting of mossy fiber axons, is derived

Postnatal anoxia from CO2 for one minute produces sex-specific changes in contextual fear conditioning in adult rats.

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In a split-litter design, equal numbers of male and female rats were exposed either to carbon dioxide for 1 min, or to the control condition on either postnatal Days 9-10 or 17-18. At 120 days of age half the numbers of rats in each condition were given subclinical dosages of lithium (1.5 mEq/kg)

Muscarinic activation attenuates abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein induced by cobalt chloride-mimetic hypoxia in retinal ganglion cells.

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beta-Amyloid peptide (Abeta), the major pathological factor in Alzheimer's disease, has recently been reported to be implicated in the development of glaucoma. In this study, we explored the effect of muscarinic activation on abnormal processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) induced by a

Effect of acute normobaric hypoxia on peripheral sweat rate.

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Peripheral sweat rate was measured to determine if acute normobaric hypoxia exerted a local inhibition on sweat gland function. It was hypothesized that peripheral sweat rate would be reduced during hypoxia, following cholinergic stimulation. Nineteen subjects (24 +/- 3 yr; 177 +/- 9 cm; 75.5 +/-

Hypoxia markers are expressed in interneurons exposed to recurrent seizures.

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An early but transient decrease in oxygen availability occurs during experimentally induced seizures. Using pimonidazole, which probes hypoxic insults, we found that by increasing the duration of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) from 30 to 120 min, counts of pimonidazole-immunoreactive

Effects of hypoxia and putative transmitters on [Ca2+]i of rat glomus cells.

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Dissociated rat glomus cells were loaded with Fura-2 AM to study the effects of hypoxia, and carotid body transmitters on intracellular calcium, [Ca2+]i. The mean control [Ca2+]i was 55 nM in isolated cells and 67 nM in clusters. The following procedures changed [Ca2+]i:0[Ca2+]o+EGTA reduced [Ca2+]i

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