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Acrolein is a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde derived from lipid peroxides, which are produced in plants under a variety of stress. We investigated effects of acrolein on light-induced stomatal opening using Arabidopsis thaliana. Acrolein inhibited light-induced stomatal opening in a
Cesium as an alkali element exhibits a chemical reactivity similar to that of potassium, an essential element for plants. It has been suggested that Cs phytotoxicity might be due either to its competition with potassium to enter the plant, resulting in K starvation, or to its intracellular
Potassium-sodium interaction was compared in two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia-0 and NOK2. Seedlings were grown in the presence of 0 or 50 mM NaCl and 0.1; 0.625 or 2.5 mM K(+). At the lowest K(+) concentration, salt treatment inhibited both K(+) uptake and growth. Increasing
Arginine decarboxylase (ARGdc) is the first enzyme in one of the two pathways to putrescine in plants. ARGdc enzyme activity has been shown to be induced by many environmental factors, including potassium deficiency stress. We investigated the mechanism for induction of ARGdc activity during
We have isolated and sequenced the genomic clone coding for the potassium transport system AKT1 of Arabidopsis thaliana. Southern blot analysis indicated that the gene is present in one copy in the Arabidopsis genome. The coding sequence is interrupted by ten introns. Sequence comparisons of AKT1
Potassium is a major nutrient in higher plants, where it plays a role in turgor regulation, charge balance, leaf movement, and protein synthesis. Terrestrial plants are able to sustain growth at micromolar external K+ concentrations, at which K+ uptake across the plasma membrane of root cells must
Scorpion toxins that block potassium channels and antimicrobial plant defensins share a common structural CSαβ-motif. These toxins contain a toxin signature (K-C4-X-N) in their amino acid sequence, and based on in silico analysis of 18 plant defensin sequences, we noted the presence of a toxin
Potassium (K(+)) is inevitable for plant growth and development. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of enzyme activities, in adjusting the electrical membrane potential and the cellular turgor, in regulating cellular homeostasis and in the stabilization of protein synthesis. Uptake of K(+)
Fast responses to an external threat depend on the rapid transmission of signals through a plant. Action potentials (APs) are proposed as such signals. Plant APs share similarities with their animal counterparts; they are proposed to depend on the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Nonetheless,
The ability to adjust growth and development to the availability of mineral nutrients in the soil is an essential life skill of plants but the underlying signaling pathways are poorly understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, shortage of potassium (K) induces a number of genes related to the phytohormone
Soil salinization is a major cause of plant stress, partly due to the physicochemical similarities between Na(+) and K(+). Na(+) ions compete with K(+) ions for their transport into root cells. However, the point of Na(+) entry remains unidentified. Here, I have applied the Electrical Penetration
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The potassium cation (K(+)), one of the most abundant cations in cells, improves plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is well known for its strong capacity to accumulate K(+) The distinctive K(+) accumulation capability of alligatorweed is linked
The effects of ABA, isobutyric acid (IBA) and nicotine on K+ and Cl- efflux were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, and the role of pHcyt and Em in the regulation of the efflux of these ions was discussed. The data show that treatments with IBA and nicotine influenced in opposite directions
We report here that the inward-rectifying potassium channels KAT1 and AKT2 were functionally expressed in K+ uptake-deficient Escherichia coli. Immunological assays showed that KAT1 was translocated into the cell membrane of E. coli. Functional assays suggested that KAT1 was inserted topologically
Naturally-occurring variation in K(+) concentrations between plant genotypes is potentially exploitable in a number of ways, including altering the relationship between K(+) accumulation and growth, enhancing salinity resistance, or improving forage quality. However, achieving these requires greater