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Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistant rickets due to a mutation causing multiple defects in vitamin D receptor function.

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Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR). We studied a young Saudi Arabian girl who exhibited the typical clinical features of HVDRR, but without alopecia. Analysis of her VDR gene revealed a homozygous T to

Serum MEPE-ASARM-peptides are elevated in X-linked rickets (HYP): implications for phosphaturia and rickets.

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MEPE (Matrix Extracellular PhosphoglycoprotEin) expression is markedly elevated in X-linked-hypophosphatemic-rickets (HYP) and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). In normal individuals, circulating serum-levels of MEPE are tightly correlated with serum-phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone

Correction of the mineralization defect in hyp mice treated with protease inhibitors CA074 and pepstatin.

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Increased expression of several osteoblastic proteases and MEPE (a bone matrix protein) occurs in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (hyp). This is associated with an increased release of a protease-resistant MEPE peptide (ASARM peptide), a potent inhibitor of mineralization. Cathepsin B cleaves MEPE

The autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets R176Q mutation in fibroblast growth factor 23 resists proteolytic cleavage and enhances in vivo biological potency.

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Missense mutations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are the cause of autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR). The mutations (R176Q, R179W, and R179Q) replace Arg residues within a subtilisin-like proprotein convertase (SPC) cleavage site (RXXR motif), leading to protease resistance

Autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) mutations stabilize FGF-23.

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BACKGROUND The gene for the renal phosphate wasting disorder autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is FGF23, which encodes a secreted protein related to the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). We previously detected missense mutations R176Q, R179W, and R179Q in FGF23 from ADHR kindreds.

Distribution of mutations in the PEX gene in families with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP).

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Mutations in the PEX gene at Xp22.1 (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases, on the X-chromosome), are responsible for X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP). Homology of PEX to the M13 family of Zn2+ metallopeptidases which include neprilysin (NEP) as prototype, has raised

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirms that MEPE binds to PHEX via the MEPE-ASARM motif: a model for impaired mineralization in X-linked rickets (HYP).

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Matrix Extracellular Phospho-glycoprotEin (MEPE) and proteases are elevated and PHEX is defective in HYP. PHEX prevents proteolysis of MEPE and release of a protease-resistant MEPE-ASARM peptide, an inhibitor of mineralization (minhibin). Thus, in HYP, mutated PHEX may contribute to increased ASARM

Studies of the DMP1 57-kDa functional domain both in vivo and in vitro.

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Dmp1-null mice and patients with mutations in dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) resulting in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets display similar skeletal defects. As mutations were observed in the last 18 amino acids of DMP1 in 1 subset of patients and as fragments of intact DMP1, a 37-kDa

Adamts1 is highly induced in rachitic bones of FGF23 transgenic mice and participates in degradation of non-mineralized bone matrix collagen.

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Transgenic mice overexpressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in osteoblasts have a rachitic bone phenotype. These mice display hypomineralized bones, increased expression of osteoblast markers, but osteoclast numbers are unaltered or slightly reduced. Paradoxically, they show increased serum

Defective proximal tubular function in a patient with I-cell disease.

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A girl with a proven diagnosis of I-cell disease is presented. Proximal tubular dysfunction was characterized by increased excretion of low molecular proteins, aminoaciduria, hyperphosphaturia, and high/slightly increased urinary calcium. The concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol in serum was

Localization of collagenase in the growth plate of rachitic rats.

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In the transition from proliferation to hypertrophic cell zones in the growth plate, there is an increase in chondrocyte volume and a corresponding decrease in collagen content to accommodate the enlarging cells. It is postulated that collagenase accounts for this collagen loss. To test this

Expression of chicken 75-kDa gelatinase B-like enzyme in perivascular chondrocytes suggests its role in vascularization of the growth plate.

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A newly cloned avian 75-kDa gelatinase B-like enzyme is expressed by the cells surrounding the blood vessels of the growth plate and upregulated by angiogenic substances in cultured chondrocytes. Despite its low homology to mammalian gelatinase-B, the avian 75-kDa seems to function similarly in the

Vitamin D deficiency in HIV: a shadow on long-term management?

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Vitamin D deficiency in HIV infection has attracted much interest. The best known clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency are rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults). Several non-skeletal disorders have also been linked to suboptimal vitamin D levels in the general population. The prevalence

Molecular genetic and biochemical analyses of FGF23 mutations in familial tumoral calcinosis.

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Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone required for normal renal phosphate reabsorption. FGF23 gain-of-function mutations result in autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR), and FGF23 loss-of-function mutations cause familial hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis (TC). In this

Expression and inactivation of osteopontin-degrading PHEX enzyme in squamous cell carcinoma.

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Proteolytic enzymes mediate the activation or inactivation of many physiologic and pathologic processes. The PHEX gene (Phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidase on the X chromosome) encodes a metallopeptidase, which is mutated in patients with a prevalent form (1:20,000) of

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