1.0 Background
While atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia requiring therapy, it is also associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, and death. The number of Americans affected with AF is expected to surge to nearly 16
Retinoids have been studied as chemo preventive compounds in clinical trials because of their acknowledged role in regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis in preclinical models. Induction of apoptosis is a unique feature of fenretinide (4-hydroxyphenylretinamide, 4-HPR),(2) the most