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Sida 1 från 97 resultat
Prescribing pattern of anti-seizure medications (ASMs): an evaluation of extent of xanthine co-medication.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) at a tertiary care hospital. The extent and pattern of concurrently used medications for co-exiting illnesses was also studied. Attention was focussed in particular on co-existence of bronchial asthma
Differential effects of various xanthines on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats: an EEG and behavioural study.
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The present study deals with the EEG (electroencephalogram) and behavioural effects of a subconvulsant dose (30 mg/kg i.p.) of pentylenetetrazole in freely moving rats pretreated (100 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before pentylenetetrazole) with two classic (theophylline and caffeine) and two new (enprofylline
Seizure activity results in calcium- and mitochondria-independent ROS production via NADPH and xanthine oxidase activation.
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Seizure activity has been proposed to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then contribute to seizure-induced neuronal damage and eventually cell death. Although the mechanisms of seizure-induced ROS generation are unclear, mitochondria and cellular calcium overload have
Seizure activity in animals given enprofylline and theophylline, two xanthines with partly different mechanisms of action.
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Theophylline, that is a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, and enprofylline (3-propylxanthine), that seems to lack antagonism of neuronal depressant effects of adenosine, have been tested for convulsive activity in three animal species. In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs theophylline produced
Effects of aminophylline and enprofylline on the protective activity of phenobarbital against amygdala-kindled seizures in rats.
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Two xanthine derivatives, aminophylline and enprofylline, were tested on the protective activity of phenobarbital, 20 mg/kg i.p. (60 min before the test) against amygdala-kindled seizures in female rats. Enprofylline, 27.8 mg/kg i.p. (0.143 mmol/kg) 30 min, and aminophylline, 10 mg/kg i.p. (0.043
Modulation of the protective efficacy of common antiepileptic drugs by xanthine derivatives: implications for the clinical use of xanthines in epileptic patients.
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Aminophylline and caffeine (methylxanthines) in non-convulsive doses considerably reduced the protective efficacy of common antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions. On the other hand, a new xanthine derivative, enprofylline (3-propylxanthine) which is devoid of
Adenosine receptor antagonism accounts for the seizure-prolonging effects of aminophylline.
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The mechanism of action of aminophylline in prolonging seizures was tested in amygdala-kindled rats. Aminophylline prolonged the afterdischarge duration of kindled seizures. This seizure-prolonging action of aminophylline was strongly antagonized by the adenosine A1 agonist cyclohexyladenosine and
Allopurinol does not affect the anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine and valproate in maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice.
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Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is indicated in the management of patients with elevated serum and urinary uric acid levels. It was also reported to be beneficial in patients with epilepsy when added to traditional antiepileptic drug. Here, we investigated the effect of allopurinol
Cerebrospinal fluid nucleotide metabolites following short febrile convulsions.
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of cerebral energy depletion were measured in 32 infants and children following short (less than 10 minutes) febrile convulsions, and in 19 controls. Specific and sensitive indices of high-energy phosphate compound depletion (hypoxanthine, xanthine and uridine)
Development of safer xanthine drugs for treatment of obstructive airways disease.
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Antiasthma drug development, for the most part, seems based on three classes of therapeutic agents. Many new sympathomimetic and corticosteroid drugs with increased specificity for the lung have been introduced. The third class of drugs, the xanthines, is still best represented by the prototype drug
Concentration of purine compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants suffering from sepsis, convulsions and hydrocephalus.
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Catabolites of purine nucleotides were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of newborn infants with sepsis, seizures and hydrocephalus using isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. The inosine levels in the CSF of the infants with any of the illnesses were significantly higher when compared with the
Functional deficiencies of sulfite oxidase: Differential diagnoses in neonates presenting with intractable seizures and cystic encephalomalacia.
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Sulfite oxidase is a mitochondrial enzyme encoded by the SUOX gene and essential for the detoxification of sulfite which results mainly from the catabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. Decreased activity of this enzyme can either be due to mutations in the SUOX gene or secondary to defects in
Comparison between theophylline and an adenosine non-blocking xanthine in acute asthma.
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Enprofylline, a drug without adenosine antagonism and theophylline, a potent adenosine antagonist, were compared, double-blind, randomized, in acute asthma (n = 33). The drugs were given intravenously as loading over 10 min followed by maintenance infusion for 24 h. Mean final plasma levels were
Potent convulsant actions of the adenosine receptor antagonist, xanthine amine congener (XAC).
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The convulsant properties of xanthine amine congener (XAC, 8-(4-(2-aminoethyl)-aminocarboxylmethyloxy)phenyl-1,3-dipropylxant hine) are compared to those of caffeine. Male Swiss albino mice were infused with convulsants through a lateral tail vein. Convulsion thresholds (i.e. the amount of
Sodium nitroprusside-induced seizure and taurine release from rat hippocampus.
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We have recently reported that the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), induces seizures which are associated with an increase in the basal release of aspartate and glutamate from rat hippocampus (Kaku et al., 1998). In order to determine whether taurine release occurs with
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