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Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST) - Protocol for a randomised double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

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UNASSIGNED Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, reduced progression of carotid-intima media thickness and lowered blood pressure in a small clinical trial in people with ischaemic stroke. Xanthine oxidase inhibition for improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient

The Role of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Patients with History of Stroke: A Systematic Review.

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BACKGROUND Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are commonly used to lower uric acid levels in patients with gout. Due to their effects on endothelial function, they have also been investigated for possible benefits for patients with cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of

Acceleration of hypertensive cerebral injury by the inhibition of xanthine-xanthine oxidase system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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It is well-known that, in ischemic cerebral injury, a free radical and its byproducts are generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and eliminated by scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, uric acid and ascorbic acid. To investigate the possible involvement of the

Dual inhibition of NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidase potently prevents salt-induced stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral stroke. As NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play major roles in the regulation of oxidative stress, we hypothesized that reduction of NOX activity by depletion of p22phox, an essential subunit of NOX complexes, would prevent cerebral

Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of stroke disease: a novel therapeutic approach.

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[Cerebrovascular accidents in relation to drug consumption or drug abuse].

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Many drugs may cause cerebral infarction or hemorrhage. The authors describe the epidemiology and the physiopathological aspects of stroke in patients using anticoagulant therapy, oral contraception or ergot alkaloids. Cerebrovascular complications are also noticed in abusers of cocaine or other

Plasma oxidants and antioxidants in acute ischaemic stroke.

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Plasma levels of the oxidants xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde and the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, together with total superoxide scavenger activity and non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity, were determined in 19

Nicardipine normalizes elevated levels of antioxidant activity in response to xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress in hypertensive rat heart.

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It has been reported that the production of oxygen radicals mediated by xanthine oxidase (XO) is stimulated in hypertensive cardiovascular endothelium, suggesting involvement of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of hypertension. In this study we estimated the effect of nicardipine, a calcium blocker,

Synthesis and characterization of CAPE derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors with radical scavenging properties.

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Inhibitors of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) with radical scavenging properties hold promise as novel agents against reperfusion injuries after ischemic events. By suppressing the formation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) by XO or scavenging ROS from other sources, these compounds may

Pharmacodynamic profile of the new potent antibronchospastic agent 7-[(2,2-dimethyl)propyl]-1-methyl xanthine.

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The pharmacodynamic profile of a new xanthine derivative, 7-[(2,2-dimethyl)propyl]-1-methyl xanthine (CAS 155006-67-0, MX2/120), was investigated in comparison with theophylline. The compound reduces in vitro the bronchospastic tone induced by carbachol or histamine in guinea-pig bronchi, with a

Allopurinol treatment reduces arterial wave reflection in stroke survivors.

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The importance of xanthine oxidase and its products is being increasingly recognized in cardiovascular medicine. Patients who have had a stroke are at high risk of future cardiovascular events and this risk is higher in those with high urate levels. The aim of this pilot study was to see if

1,4-Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers inhibit plasma and LDL oxidation and formation of oxidation-specific epitopes in the arterial wall and prolong survival in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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OBJECTIVE Calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) reduce systolic blood pressure and stroke-related mortality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SPSHR). Brain ischemia is associated with loss of intracellular antioxidants. Increased formation of oxygen radicals and oxidation of LDL may enhance

The effect of allopurinol on the cerebral vasculature of patients with subcortical stroke; a randomized trial.

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OBJECTIVE New preventative strategies for stroke are required. One promising strategy is uric acid reduction and xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol. We sought to investigate whether allopurinol improves cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) following subcortical stroke. METHODS We performed a

Hydrogen peroxide mediates damage by xanthine and xanthine oxidase in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures.

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The free radical-generating system of xanthine and xanthine oxidase is commonly used experimentally as a source of superoxide anion, which can produce oxidative stress, leading to cellular damage and death. Models of oxidative stress are important in elucidating pathologies associated with increased

Cardiopulmonary effects of enprofylline. A xanthine with weak adenosine receptor antagonism in patients with severe chronic lung disease.

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The acute cardiovascular effects of a new xanthine, enprofylline, were studied in patients with chronic lung disease. The studies were done during cardiac catheterization (n = 12) and by radionuclide ventriculography (n = 6). Enprofylline was given intravenously, 2 mg/kg, and measurements were done

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