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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare disease of the immunosuppression that results from neurotropic invasion of the JC virus which leads to demyelination of oligodendrocytes. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), on the other hand, is a condition of inflammation
Cocaine abuse is a well known cause of cerebrovascular complications. An inflammatory vasculopathy hypothesis has been proposed, but the medical literature has only reported a few pathological confirmations. We report a case with a biopsy demonstrating cerebral inflammatory vascular changes that are
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. These therapeutics increase the activity of T cells against neoplastic cells, although the immune response generated also has the The term cognitive impairment of vascular origin is used to designate global cognitive deficits as well as focal neurological deficits such as aphasia, apraxia and agnosia of vascular/circulatory origin. It has been useful for identifying early clinical and neuroradiological alterations that might
Neurocysticercosis is common in Asia, Africa and South America including Mexico. A diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was made neuroradiologically in an 8-year-old Mexican girl, who had suffered from learning difficulties for a year, and subsequently developed headache, vomiting, gait disturbance,
The 53-year-old woman was initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, despite the fact that she did not really meet the clinical criteria. Her only symptoms were clumsiness and weakness of the right extremities. Being a veterinary research worker she had been exposed to infectious material. In
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the cartilagenous structures, and it sometimes involves the central nervous system. Encephalitis associated with RP causes a wide variety of symptoms according to the affected sites. We herein report the first case of 72-year-old
In 25 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in various phases of the disease CT and NMR imaging of the brain were done at the same times and the findings were related to clinical symptomatology. NMR imaging, in contrast to CT imaging, demonstrated even very small brain changes in the
A 78-year-old Caucasian man was admitted in the Department of Neurology for visual disturbances, started two days before. The next day the patient experienced headache, fever and gait disturbances. He had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, an ischemic stroke 13 years ago, longstanding seronegative
A 56-year-old right-handed man with recurrent orogenital aphtoid ulcers and bilateral uveitis had presented with memory disturbance, dressing apraxia and constructional apraxia at age 53. Neuro-Behçet disease was diagnosed based on pathergy test results and positivity for HLA-B51. Four months after
We report a rare case of a patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who was also diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I), which has similar clinical characteristics. A 76-yearold man who had been diagnosed with CBD several years prior presented with asymmetric severe pain,
We report a case of a 62-year-old black woman who, 8 months prior to death, developed confusion, apraxias, disorientation, and difficulties with her vision. There was no dementia. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a tumor in the right posterior parietal
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease that may have atypical presentations with focal cortical syndromes and relatively preserved episodic memory. The posterior variant of AD has two subtypes: occipitotemporal, presenting with visuoperceptive impairment, and biparietal,
Alzheimer's disease: a biological disorder? Alzheimer's disease often begins clinically with memory problems progressively followed by aphasia, apraxia, agnosia and behavioral disturbances. Recent studies of biological markers of cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid and tau PET imaging have shown that
Although observed in various brain disorders, dementia is particularly frequent in neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the association of progressive amnesia with either instrumental (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia) or behavioral (apathy, indifference, anosognosia)