Subjects aged 18 to 55 who have never used cannabis by self report (validated via urine drug screen), who have never used tobacco/cigarettes and have the capacity to give informed consent.

The exposed cohort will have daily or near daily cannabis smoking histories equivalent to a minimum of 20 joint years (number of joints smoked per day multiplied by years of cannabis smoking), will not have a significant tobacco/cigarette smoking history and will be able to provide informed consent.

1. Urine 2. Exhaled Breath Condensate 3. Blood/Plasma 4. Bronchial brushings 5. Bronchoalveolar Lavage 6. Oral rinse

Cannabis Smoking

Oxidative Stress

Passage of a thin flexible tube through the mouth, into the windpipe and then into the bronchial tubes so that the study doctor can look into the lungs to perform Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), cytologic brushing, and protected specimen brushing.

Bronchoscopy

To identify any previously undiagnosed lung disease that will either increase the risk of bronchoscopy or confound results of the study.

Chest X-ray

To collect blood cells and serum for analyses.

Venipuncture

To administer the appropriate medications for the bronchoscopy procedure.

Intravenous Catheter

University of Colorado, Denver

Chronic Cannabis Smoking, Oxidative Stress and the Pulmonary Innate Immune Response

Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular apoptosis, both at baseline, and after stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Intrapulmonary oxidative stress indices will be measured in both isolated alveolar macrophages (AM) and acellular epithelial lining fluid derived from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

cannabis sativa/necrosis

Chronic Cannabis Smoking, Oxidative Stress and the Pulmonary Innate Immune Response

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