Subject receive the Placebo product for 4 weeks.

Subjects receive Cassava dietary fiber capsule at the dose of 1.5 g/day for 4 weeks.

Subjects receive Cassava dietary fiber capsule at the dose of 3 g/day for 4 weeks.

Overweight

Cassava dietary fiber capsule or placebo will be consumed once daily at the recommended doses of each group.

Cassava dietary fiber capsule

Jitanaporn Wattanathorn

Safety Evaluation and Effect of Food Supplement Containing Dietary Fiber From Cassava on the Alterations of Physiological Parameters in Overweight Female Volunteers

The previous study reported that high dietary fiber could decrease the fasting blood sugar in type 2 diabetes patient. The overweight female volunteer receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower level of fasting blood sugar than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

The atherogenic index is an index composed of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It has been used to quantify blood lipid levels and commonly used as an optimal indicator of dyslipidemia and associated diseases. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to decrease the atherogenic index in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteer receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower number of the atherogenic index than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

A hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test measures the amount of blood sugar (glucose) attached to hemoglobin. This result shows the average amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin has been over the past three months. The previous study reported that high dietary fiber could decrease the HbA1C in type 2 diabetes patient. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to decrease the HbA1C in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteer receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower HbA1C level than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

HOMA-IR was computed with the formula: fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) multiplied fasting serum insulin (mU/l) divided by 22.5. Low HOMA-IR values indicate high insulin sensitivity, whereas high HOMA-IR values indicate low insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance). The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower HOMA-IR than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

LDL is considered bad cholesterol and a leading cause of atherosclerosis formation. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to decrease the LDL level in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower LDL concentration than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

HDL is considered as good cholesterol and believed that it acts as a scavenger and carrying of LDL from the arteries back to the liver. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to increase the LDL level in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show a higher HDL concentration than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

TG is one type of fat in the blood which converted from the excess energy from the diet. A high triglyceride level combined with high LDL (bad) cholesterol or low HDL (good) cholesterol is linked with fatty buildups within the artery walls, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke in an overweight person. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to decrease the LDL level in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower TG concentration than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

The high level of cholesterol is a cause of atherosclerosis in the blood vessel. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to decrease the cholesterol level in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower cholesterol concentration than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to decrease the BMI in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show the lower BMI than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

It has been reported that the dysbiosis can cause the alteration of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, the high fiber diet causes the elevation of good bacteria in the gut and exert many effects. The food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava might be able to increase the good gut microbes in overweight female volunteer. The overweight female volunteers receive food supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava should show higher gut microbes than the placebo-treated group after 4 weeks of intervention.

If the supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava is safe, the blood pressure should be within the normal range.

If the supplement containing dietary fiber from Cassava is safe, the EKG pattern and the QT interval should be within the normal range.

The blood chemistry values including renal function test, liver function test, and electrolytes will be determined and the data will be expressed as the number of subjects presented with abnormal blood chemistry value.

The hematological values including red blood cell, white blood cell, hematocrit, and platelet will be determined and the data will be expressed as a number of subjects presented with abnormal hematological value.

Jintanaporn Wattanathorn

Associated Professor

Khon Kaen University

We will flush the deceased donor kidney with UW (perfusion solution) + sodium thiosulfate (STS)

Kidney will be flushed with UW (perfusion solution) which is the normal standard of care.

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

The kidney will have 100 mL of 500µM STS added directly to the existing pulsatile perfusion solution at 4°C.

Seacalphyx (sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate injection BP) 25%

London Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital

Evaluation of Thiosulfate in End Stage Renal Disease and Kidney Transplantation

between 1 week and 1 year following transplant

Measuring death of tubular epithelial cells that form the renal tubules of the kidneys.

Patient Urine protein/creatinine ratio results

Patient urinary injury biomarkers (KIM-1/NGAL).

Alp Sener

Principal Investigator

Lawson Health Research Institute

For the purposes of this study we will flush the deceased donor kidney with UW (perfusion solution) or UW + sodium thiosulfate (STS). There will be two groups in the study - UW with or without STS and patients will be randomly assigned to a group in a 1:1 ratio (i.e. 50 in one group and 50 in the other).

Experimental Fortified milk has energy from fatty acids, protein and carbohydrates. This milk has probiotics and essential micronutrients such as Zn, Fe, vitamins ( A, D, E, K, C and B complex), selenium and Copper among others.
Intervention Milk powder was prepared and reconstituted every weekday at each day-care center according to WHO and Day Care guidelines. Bottles were used to facilitate measuring in milliliters and were weighted before and after preparing milk in a diet measuring scale. Mothers were given the amount of milk necessary to prepare 480 ml per day during the weekend.

Fortified milk has no energy from fatty acids nor micronutrients such as vitamin B12, Selenium and Copper. This milk was prepared and reconstituted every weekday at each day-care center according to WHO and Day Care guidelines. Bottles were used to facilitate measuring in milliliters and were weighted before and after preparing milk in a diet measuring scale. Mothers were given the amount of milk necessary to prepare 480 ml per day during the weekend.

Undernutrition

Intervention Milk powder was prepared and reconstituted every weekday at each day-care center according to WHO and Day Care guidelines. Trained personnel prepared the milk according to the color-coding assigned to each child. Bottles were used to facilitate measuring in milliliters. Each bottle was weighted before and after preparing milk in a diet measuring scale (OHOUSE, model CS5000, capacity 5000gx2g).Each children received an individual bottle or cup with its own milk (240ml). Once each bottle or cup was prepared it was given to the child. After the child finished drinking the milk, leftovers were weighted and recorded.

Growing milk

Fortified milk

Insituto Nacional de Salud Publica

Fortified Milk, Growth and Micronutrient Status in Mexican Toddlers (MilkGrowth)

Effect of a Fortified Milk on Growth and Micronutrient Status in Mexican Toddlers. A Randomized Trial

Weight was taken at baseline and 16wks and transformed to Z scores by using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) reference standards.

Length was taken at baseline and 16wks and transformed to Z scores by using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) reference standards.

Head circumference was taken at baseline and 16wks and transformed to Z scores by using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) reference standards.

DHA, capillary and venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

EPA acid, venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Arachidonic acid, venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Oleic acid, venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Linoleic acid, venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Palmitic acid, venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Vitamin D (nmol/L), venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Vitamin A (µg/L) , venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Ferritin (µg/L); venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Folate (ng/mL), venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

Zinc (µg/dL), venous blood samples were taken only at baseline to determined micronutrients status.

cyanide/kunona

Safety Evaluation and Effect of Food Supplement Containing Dietary Fiber From Cassava on the Alterations of Physiological Parameters in Overweight Female Volunteers

Evaluation of Thiosulfate in End Stage Renal Disease and Kidney Transplantation

Fortified Milk, Growth and Micronutrient Status in Mexican Toddlers (MilkGrowth)

Hifadhidata kamili ya mimea ya dawa inayoungwa mkono na sayansi