cryptosporidiosis/protease

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[Cryptosporidium infection: value of a protease inhibitor].

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Decreased prevalence of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients concomitant to the widespread use of protease inhibitors.

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Treatment of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis with combination antiretroviral therapy.

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BACKGROUND Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium parvum cause chronic antimicrobial-resistant gastrointestinal infections in HIV-1-infected individuals. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors delay the onset of opportunistic infections, but are not known to reverse established infections.

Cryptopain-1, a cysteine protease of Cryptosporidium parvum, does not require the pro-domain for folding.

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CONCLUSIONS Cryptosporidium parvum is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis in mammals including humans. In the current study, the gene encoding the cysteine protease of C. parvum (cryptopain-1) was identified and the biochemical properties of the recombinant enzyme were

[Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy and cryptosporidiosis].

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In HIV infected persons, Cryptosporidium parvum causes chronic diarrhoea, which can be life-threatening in persons with AIDS and with a low CD4+ T cell count. However, a specific and effective therapy for this opportunistic infection does not yet exist. Since the use of a combination therapy with a

New drugs and treatment for cryptosporidiosis.

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OBJECTIVE There is a history of inadequate treatments for cryptosporidiosis and a lack of understanding of the species that cause human disease. Against this background, we review the efficacy of antiparasitic agents, particularly nitazoxanide, which has led to increased treatment options, the

Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised hosts.

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The most important species of Cryptosporidium in humans, C. parvum and C. hominis, cause severe and chronic life-threatening gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients. Despite a certain efficacy shown by passive immunotherapy or by some chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. paromomycin and

Proteases of protozoan parasites.

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Proteolytic enzymes seem to play important roles in the life cycles of all medically important protozoan parasites, including the organisms that cause malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, amebiasis, toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and trichomoniasis. Proteases from all four major

Effect of antiretroviral protease inhibitors alone, and in combination with paromomycin, on the excystation, invasion and in vitro development of Cryptosporidium parvum.

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With the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus in the early 1980s, cryptosporidiosis was regarded as an AIDS-defining disease. As an opportunistic pathogen, the intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium parvum became an important cause of chronic diarrhoea, leading to high morbidity and mortality in

Novel drug targets for treatment of cryptosporidiosis

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Introduction Cryptosporidium species are protozoan parasites that are important causes of diarrheal disease including waterborne outbreaks, childhood diarrhea in resource-poor countries, and diarrhea in compromised hosts worldwide. Recent studies highlight the importance of cryptosporidiosis in

Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

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To better understand whether potent antiretroviral therapies can modify the natural history of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis, the response to antimicrobial treatment of these opportunistic infections was evaluated in patients with or without antiretroviral treatment. Fifty

A cysteine protease inhibitor rescues mice from a lethal Cryptosporidium parvum infection.

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Cryptosporidiosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, can stunt infant growth and can be lethal in immunocompromised individuals. The most widely used drugs for treating cryptosporidiosis are nitazoxanide and paromomycin, although both exhibit limited efficacy. To investigate

Development of protease inhibitors for protozoan infections.

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OBJECTIVE To highlight the promise of parasite proteases as targets for development of new antiparasitic chemotherapy. Proteolytic enzymes play key roles in the life cycle of protozoan parasites or the pathogenesis of diseases they produce. These roles include processing of host or parasite surface

Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: do we know what we think we know?

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OBJECTIVE The management of cryptosporidiosis is fraught with controversies. New research on diagnostics and medications has reached the field in recent years. Therefore, familiarity with key features of current management tools is important. We discuss diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of

[Prevention of opportunistic infections in the protease inhibitor era].

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From the middle of 1996 we are living a striking reduction of incidence of opportunistic infections (Ols) associated to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The recovery of the immune system, at least partially, is showing up substantial changes of Ols after the introduction of highly active

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