the intervention groups will receive daily oral nutrition supplement (ONS) enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and antioxidants. The composition of one can (8 fl oz) of the intervention-ONS includes: 14.8 g protein, 22.2 g fat, 25 g carbohydrate, 355 kcal, 1.1 g EPA, 450 mg DHA, 950 mg GLA, 2840 IU vitamin A as 1.2 mg β-carotene, 205 mg Vitamin C, 75 IU vitamin E, 18 ug Selenium, and 5.7 mg Zinc.

iso-caloric -isonitrogenous product (by the same manufacture) and served in cans with the same color and shape.

COVID-19

the intervention group will receive a commercially available anti-inflammatory/antioxidant ONS, which will be given to patients with COVID-19 in the morning 3 hours after breakfast.

oral nutrition supplement (ONS) enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and antioxidants

The placebo group will receive an isocaloric/isonutrigenous ONS at the same time in the same shape/size/color of the cans.

isocaloric/isonutrigenous ONS

Immunonutrition: Interactions of Diet, Genetics, and Inflammation - Google Books. In Immunonutrition: Interactions of Diet, Genetics, and Inflammation

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant Oral Nutrition Supplementation in COVID-19

Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant Oral Nutrition Supplementation on the Cytokine Storm and Progression of COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Changes in scores of the NRS-2002 for patients with COVID-19 at the end of the study, from 0 to 7 scores, with those scores < 3 means no risk of malnutrition and >= 3 means malnutrition.

Change in serum ferritin at the end of the trial as ferritin is considered as a COVID-19 fatality predictor.

Change in IL-6 at the end of the trial as it represent the cytokine storm and it is considered as a COVID-19 fatality predictor

Change in C-reactive protein in the serum at the end of the trial which reflect the acute phase

Change in the TNF a in the serum at the end of study as it represent severity of the cytokine storm

plasma MCP-1 represent severity of the cytokine storm

Claculation of BMI according to weight / square Height

). The mid-arm muscle area (MAMA) will be calculated according to the following equation: {MAMA= (MAC - π x TSF)2 / 4π}.

changes in the percentage of peripheral O2 saturation by an oximeter

changes in the degree of body temperature by infrared thermometer

change in the count from complete blood counts

change in the rations calculated by division of the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count

all IPD that underlie results in a publication will be shared

Mahmoud Abulmeaty, M.D., FACN.

Associate Professor

King Saud University

Participants will be randomly allocated into two study groups; intervention group (IG, n=15) and placebo group (PG, n=15). Computer-generated random numbers will be used to randomize the participants into one of two intervention groups.

The intervention-ONS and isocaloric-NOS will be served in opaque glasses of the same shape and color. the care providers (nurses, dietitians) will not know members of each groups or the nature or composition of the ONS.

The patients of this group were randomized to receive an energy-restricted diet (20 kcal/kg/ideal body weight/day) enriched of n-3 PUFAs (average 2.6 g/d).

The participants of this group are randomized to receive drug therapy alone, continuing their usual diet

Plaque-type Psoriasis

Obesity (Body Mass Index >30 kg/m2)

The active diet aimed to reduce body weight, to enhance the total intake of n-3 PUFA and to decrease the total intake of n-6 PUFAs. The diet plan was designed to supply an energy intake of 20 kcal/kg/day to maintain an ideal body weight, and followed the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) 'Step-One' Diet: Carbohydrates (mainly complex carbohydrates) and protein constituted of 50-60% and 10-20% of total calories, respectively, and total fat did not exceed 30% of calories. Food values for energy and nutrients were taken from the tables of the Italian National Institute of Nutrition, Souci's Food Composition and Nutrition Tables and the European Institute of Oncology. For long-term and practical daily eating habits, it was important to easily incorporate and consume a variety of selected foods.

Energy-restricted, n-3 polysaturated fatty acids-rich diet

The patients of this group were randomized to continue their usual diet

Usual diet

federico II University

n-3 Polysaturated Fatty Acids-rich Diet in Psoriasis

Energy-restricted, n-3 Polysaturated Fatty Acids-rich Diet Improves the Clinical Response to Immuno-modulating Drugs in Obese Patients With Plaque-type Psoriasis: a Randomized Control Clinical Trial.

Fasting blood samples were drawn for the following measurements: serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C, triglycerides, fibrinogen and serum glucose. Serum LDL-C concentration was calculated using the Friedewald equation.

BMI was calculated as the ratio of body weight to height2 (kg/m2). Waist circumference was measured with an inelastic tape, the subject in standing position, at the level of the umbilicus. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria,abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women

Clinical assessment was based on three separate instruments: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and VAS for subjective itch ratings.
The PASI is used for measuring psoriasis severity. The scale evaluates four areas of the body (head/neck, upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs) for erythema, scaliness and thickness of psoriatic plaques. The PASI score can range from 0 to 72, with higher scores indicating greater severity.
The DLQI is a self-rated instrument consisting of ten items related to the ways that skin disease may impact a patient's health-related quality of life (HRQL). Scores are based on six subscales and has a possible range 0 to 30, with 30 corresponding to the worst HRQL.
Subjective itch ratings were recorded using a computerized VAS, anchored by the terms "no itching" (0 points) and "severe itching" (10 points). Subjects were asked to respond in terms of their itching "at the present time".

Dietary compliance was evaluated by experienced dietitians trained for this project, using a combination of food diaries, personal interviews and a detailed food-frequency questionnaire that included 130 foods and beverages. Information on diet included weekly frequency of consumption and portion size. Average daily intakes were calculated by using food tables and industry estimates of the n-3 naturally-rich margarine. Total dietary n3 PUFAs refers to the intake of ALA in addition to of long-chain EPA and DHA.

gamma linolenic acid/kanser

Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant Oral Nutrition Supplementation in COVID-19

n-3 Polysaturated Fatty Acids-rich Diet in Psoriasis

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