hypoalbuminemia/seizures

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Paradoxical seizures in phenytoin toxicity.

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Phenytoin toxicity is an uncommon problem seen in clinical practice. The predisposing factors for toxicity are hypoalbuminemia, chronic renal failure, hepatic dysfunction and drugs which interfere with phenytoin metabolism. Common manifestations of toxicity, like confusion and ataxia, are well

Revised Winter-Tozer equation for normalized phenytoin concentrations in trauma and elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia.

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OBJECTIVE To develop a revised equation reflecting the current practice of measuring unbound phenytoin at room temperature, and to evaluate the revised Winter-Tozer method of predicting normalized total phenytoin concentrations in two groups of patients with hypoalbuminemia-elderly nursing home

[A case of progressive systemic sclerosis with Sjögren's syndrome presenting with coma, convulsion and bilateral thalamic hypodensity on computed tomography].

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A 35-year-old female with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and Sjögren's syndrome developed consciousness disturbance and generalized seizure after the episode of fever and erythema lasting for 3 weeks. Neurological examination disclosed deep coma and spastic tetraplegia with pathological

Correlation between measured and calculated free phenytoin serum concentration in neurointensive care patients with hypoalbuminemia.

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In critically ill patients, monitoring free phenytoin concentration is a valuable method for phenytoin-dosage adjustment. However, due to technical difficulties and the high cost of these methods, the Sheiner-Tozer equation is routinely used for estimating free phenytoin concentration

A case report of disseminated tuberculosis: an unsuspected uterine cervical mass in a young native american woman with new-onset seizure disorder.

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Disseminated tuberculosis involving the uterine cervix and central nervous system is described in a 26-year-old Native American female with new-onset seizures. Her presenting complaint was generalized seizures with associated weight loss, chronic cough, global headache, and malaise. Pelvic

Seizure management in a complex hospice patient.

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Antiepileptic medication use in noncancer hospice/palliative care patients is not well defined. The authors report the case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient under hospice care with increased seizure frequency. The patient is a 22-year-old female with advanced HIV disease complicated

[Influence of propofol dose and blood components on duration of electrical seizures in electroconvulsive therapy].

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OBJECTIVE Propofol is commonly employed as a hypnotic agent to perform electroconvulsive therapy, but it exhibits also anticonvulsant properties. The main objective was to study the effect of the weight-adjusted dose of propofol on duration of the electrical seizure. Secondary objectives were to

Prediction of free phenytoin levels based on [total phenytoin]/[albumin] ratios. Potential errors with hypoalbuminemia.

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Therapeutic monitoring of the pharmacologically active (free drug) fraction of protein-bound medications (e.g., phenytoin) represents a major diagnostic challenge in clinical and laboratory medicine. While free drug levels may be beneficial in many clinical situations, current methods for predicting

Optimizing therapy of seizures in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.

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Patients with epilepsy may suffer from renal or hepatic diseases that interfere with their antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Furthermore, such diseases may themselves cause seizures. Reduced renal function and hypoalbuminemia lead to accumulation of renally excreted AEDs, such as gabapentin,

Seizures as a Consequence of Hyperviscosity Syndrome in Two Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum.

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Serum hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) was documented in two dogs with canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and seizures as the major clinical complaint. In both cases, laboratory abnormalities included mild non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperproteinemia with monoclonal gammopathy,

Hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and seizures in children early post-kidney transplant.

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Post-transplant seizures are uncommon in young kidney transplant recipients but can be harbingers of devastating outcomes such as cerebral edema and death. We reviewed all transplants performed at our institution from January 2013 to January 2014 and compared three patients who seized within 24 h

Phenytoin and phenobarbital protein binding alterations in a uremic burn patient.

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A case is reported in which dramatic decreases in the protein binding of phenytoin and phenobarbital were noted. A 57-year-old burn patient with a history of a seizure disorder had increased free fractions of phenytoin and phenobarbital. The patient later developed renal failure and the free

Gastrointestinal manifestation and outcome of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children.

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BACKGROUND We reviewed the clinical and laboratory manifestations and analyzed the outcome in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and gastrointestinal involvement. METHODS The medical records of 158 children who had Henoch-Schönlein purpura with gastrointestinal (GI) involvement admitted to

Fatal poisoning by butachlor and chlornitrofen ingested from a bottle marked as nitrofen.

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Nitrofen has been banned in Taiwan since January 1, 1983 due to its tetrogenicity. A 78-y-o female consumed about 500 ml of herbicide, labeled as nitrofen, in a suicide attempt. Consciousness disturbance occurred immediately. After 9 h, bloody-tarry stool was noted. Hematemesis occurred 19 h later.

Cardiovascular adverse effects of phenytoin.

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Phenytoin is an established drug in the treatment of acute repetitive seizures and status epilepticus. One of its main advantages over benzodiazepines is the less sedative effect. However, the possibility of cardiovascular adverse effects with the intravenous use of phenytoin cause a reluctance to

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