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Inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase reduces adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity.

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We previously described a putative role for inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, in lipid accumulation. Here we present data which demonstrate that IMPDH activity is required for differentiation of preadipocytes into mature,

The novel inosine analogue, INO-2002, protects against diabetes development in multiple low-dose streptozotocin and non-obese diabetic mouse models of type I diabetes.

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Endogenous purines including inosine have been shown to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of disease models. The dosage of inosine required for protection is very high because of the rapid metabolism of inosine in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether a

Inosine pranobex is safe and effective for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections: analysis and subgroup analysis from a Phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

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Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine®) is an immunomodulatory drug approved in several countries for the treatment of viral infections. This study compared the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex versus placebo in subjects with clinically diagnosed influenza-like illness, including subjects with

High expression of AMPD2 and obesity are associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.

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The protein-coding gene adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) 2 plays a critical role in energy metabolism by converting adenosine-5-monophosphate (AMP) to iosine inosine-5-monophosphate (IMP). Obesity affects metabolic abnormalities in tumor cells and has been associated with high expression

Whole exome sequencing of extreme morbid obesity patients: translational implications for obesity and related disorders.

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Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a new tool that allows the rapid, inexpensive and accurate exploration of Mendelian and complex diseases, such as obesity. To identify sequence variants associated with obesity, we performed WES of family trios of one male teenager and one female child with severe

Ribavirin suppresses hepatic lipogenesis through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition: Involvement of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinases and retinoid X receptor α.

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Ribavirin (RBV) has been widely used as an antiviral reagent, specifically for patients with chronic hepatitis C. We previously demonstrated that adenosine kinase, which monophosphorylates RBV into the metabolically active form, is a key determinant for RBV sensitivity against hepatitis C virus RNA

Hyperphagia-mediated obesity in transgenic mice misexpressing the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR2.

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ADAR2 is a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase involved in the editing of mammalian RNAs by the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine. To examine the physiologic consequences resulting from ADAR2 misexpression, we have generated mutant mice expressing either wild-type or

Elevated adenosine deaminase activity in overweight and obese Indian subjects.

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OBJECTIVE To determine adenosine deaminase activity in overweight and obese Indian subjects. METHODS This study comprised of 100 subjects. The body mass index (BMI) of subjects was calculated and adenosine deaminase activity was determined in their fasting blood sample. The study was divided into

Hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-neoplastic properties of amine carboxyboranes.

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The amine-carboxyborane derivatives were shown to be effective antineoplastic/cytotoxic agents with selective activity against single-cell and solid tumors derived from murine and human leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas. The agents inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis in preference to

Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in gout.

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1. Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside (inosine) phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) were measured in 33 healthy controls and 43 primary gouty subjects. Adenosine deaminase activity in controls and gouty subjects was 0.373 plus or minus 0.108 and 0.457 plus or minus 0.140 A

Adenosine deaminase and body mass index in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

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We studied 273 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from the population of Penne, Italy. A low proportion of the adenosine deaminase (ADA)*2 allele is observed in NIDDM subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or less. On the contrary, a high proportion of this

No development of hypertension in the hyperuricemic liver-Glut9 knockout mouse.

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Urate is the metabolic end point of purines in humans. Although supra-physiological plasma urate levels are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, a causative role is debated. We previously established a mouse model of hyperuricemia by liver-specific deletion of

Altered metabolic signature in pre-diabetic NOD mice.

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Altered metabolism proceeding seroconversion in children progressing to Type 1 diabetes has previously been demonstrated. We tested the hypothesis that non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice show a similarly altered metabolic profile compared to C57BL/6 mice. Blood samples from NOD and C57BL/6 female mice

The umami taste: from discovery to clinical use.

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In the diversity of the flavor world only five basic tastes have been described. The newest one, umami, has been identified about one hundred years ago by Kikunae Ikeda but widely accepted just in the second half of the twentieth century by international scientific world. There are three umami

Metabolite Signatures in Hydrophilic Extracts of Mouse Lungs Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Revealed by 1H NMR Metabolomics Investigation.

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1H-NMR metabolomics was used to investigate the changes of metabolites in the lungs of mice with and without being exposed to a controlled amount of cigarette smoke. It was found that the concentrations of adenosine derivatives (i.e. ATP, ADP and AMP), inosine and uridine were significantly changed

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