isocitrate lyase/enflamasyon

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Structure of isocitrate lyase, a persistence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Isocitrate lyase (ICL) plays a pivotal role in the persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice by sustaining intracellular infection in inflammatory macrophages. The enzyme allows net carbon gain by diverting acetyl-CoA from beta-oxidation of fatty acids into the glyoxylate shunt pathway.

Itaconate: an emerging determinant of inflammation in activated macrophages.

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Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity as the first line of defense against pathogen infection. Upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages rapidly respond and subsequently undergo metabolic reprogramming to substantially produce cellular metabolites, such as itaconate. As a

Gene Regulatory Network Inference of Immunoresponsive Gene 1 (IRG1) Identifies Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1) as Its Transcriptional Regulator in Mammalian Macrophages.

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Immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) is one of the highest induced genes in macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions. Its function has been recently described: it codes for immune-responsive gene 1 protein/cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (IRG1/CAD), an enzyme catalysing the production of itaconic

Synthesis and characterization of pyruvate-isoniazid analogs and their copper complexes as potential ICL inhibitors.

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Currently used anti-tubercular drugs target actively growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) but there are no current therapies targeting persistent mycobacteria. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is an important enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt pathway used by Mtb for sustaining intracellular infection in

Salmonella enterica's "Choice": Itaconic Acid Degradation or Bacteriocin Immunity Genes

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Itaconic acid is an immunoregulatory metabolite produced by macrophages in response to pathogen invasion. It also exhibits antibacterial activity because it is an uncompetitive inhibitor of isocitrate lyase, whose activity is required for the glyoxylate shunt to be operational. Some bacteria, such

Anti-bacterial activity of Achatina CRP and its mechanism of action.

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The physiological role of C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute-phase protein, is not well documented, despite many reports on biological effects of CRP in vitro and in model systems in vivo. It has been suggested that CRP protects mice against lethal toxicity of bacterial infections by

RNAi-mediated silencing of fungal acuD gene attenuates the virulence of Penicillium marneffei.

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A number of pathogens, most of them intracellular, employ the glyoxylate cycle in order to ingest fatty acids as carbon sources as a way of coping with nutrient deprivation during the infection process. Isocitrate lyase, which is encoded by the pathogen's acuD gene, plays a pivotal role in the

Immune-responsive gene 1 protein links metabolism to immunity by catalyzing itaconic acid production.

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Immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1) is highly expressed in mammalian macrophages during inflammation, but its biological function has not yet been elucidated. Here, we identify Irg1 as the gene coding for an enzyme producing itaconic acid (also known as methylenesuccinic acid) through the decarboxylation

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