Subjects received 3 antioxidant capsules (1 capsule of blueberry + 1 capsule of cranberry + 1 capsule pomegranate - a day) during 4 weeks.

Subjects received 3 placebo capsules during 4 weeks.

Hypertension

Oxidative Stress

Autonomic Imbalance

Insulin Resistance

1 capsule of cranberry, 1 capsule of blueberry, and 1 capsule of pomegranate extracts were offered during 4 weeks

Antioxidants capsules

Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Autonomic Balance

Effects of Supplementation of Fruit Extract (Cranberry, Blueberry and Pomegranate) on Blood Pressure, Autonomic Balance, Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Patients

Antioxidant supplementation should improve heart rate variability as a consequence of improved antioxidant capacity

Supplementation with antioxidants should improve insulin resistance

Supplementation with antioxidants should improve blood pressure

Supplementation with antioxidants should improve antioxidant capacity

University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

A group of hypertensive patients and a group of normotensive individuals

Control meal using standard breakfast foods.

This will consist of standard breakfast foods plus a berry smoothie.

This will consist of standard breakfast foods plus a sea buckthorn berry smoothie.

This will consist of standard breakfast foods plus a wild garlic dip.

Diet Induced Thermogenesis

Obesity Control

This will consist of standard breakfast foods (cereal, milk, yoghurt, cheese cracker bread, butter, banana and cream

Control Meal

This will consist of standard breakfast foods (cereal, milk, yoghurt, cheese cracker bread, butter, banana and cream plus a berry smoothie. The berry smoothie consists of blueberries, raspberries and blackberries.

Berry Treatment

This will consist of standard breakfast foods (cereal, milk, yoghurt, cheese cracker bread, butter, banana and cream plus a sea buckthorn berry smoothie.

Sea Buckthorn Treatment

This will consist of standard breakfast foods (cereal, milk, yoghurt, cheese cracker bread, butter, banana and cream. The wild garlic will be prepared and served as a dip alongside.

Wild Garlic Treatment

Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Human Nutrition Unit

Thermic Effects of Some Scottish Plant Foods

The Thermic Effect of Some Plant Foods Native to Scotland: A Pilot Study.

Measured as the difference in Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) during fasting and postprandial states

Based on the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) from RMR measurement and urinary urea, the proportion of carbohydrate, fat and protein used for energy production will be estimated.

Measured using 100mm continuous-line scales anchored at each end with opposing answers to satiety and palatability related questions

University of Aberdeen

16 ounces of 54% cranberry juice cocktail

Color, calorie, and taste matched beverage without cranberry bioactives

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Cranberry Juice Beverage

Placebo Beverage

Penn State CRC

Effects of Cranberry Juice on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Effects of Cranberry Juice on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial

Aortic (central) blood pressure measured using the SphygmoCor system

Peripheral blood pressure measured using the SphygmoCor system

Ability to carry out reverse cholesterol transport measured using in vitro assay

Augmentation index measured using the SphygmoCor system

Pulse wave velocity measured using the SphygmoCor system

LDL-C values calculated using the Friedewald equation

LDL particle size measured using a Vertical Auto Profile (VAP) Test

Total cholesterol values determined by enzymatic procedures

Triglyceride values determined using enzymatic procedures

HDL-C will be estimated according to the modified heparin-manganese procedure

Plasma concentrations of oxLDL will be measured using ELISA kits

MDA will be measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay

hs-CRP will be measured by latex-enhanced immunonephelometry

Penny

Distinguished Professor of Nutrition

Penn State University

Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.

Type 2 Diabetes

cranberry extractive in powder product (by Triarco Industries, Inc. NJ, USA) and encapsulated in dose of 500mg/capsule (by Topo digital tech co., Taiwan). By one capsule after each of three meals per day.

vaccinium/triglyceride

Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Autonomic Balance

Thermic Effects of Some Scottish Plant Foods

Effects of Cranberry Juice on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Effects of Cranberry Extractive on the Lipid Profiles in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

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