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Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase action is high in the root elongation zone and in the trichoblasts of all vascular plants from Selaginella to Zea mays.

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The endotransglucosylase action of the enzyme xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) was localized in the roots of diverse vascular plants: club-mosses (lycopodiophytes), ferns, gymnosperms, monocots, and dicots. High action was always found in the epidermis cell wall of the elongation zone

Complete cDNA and genomic sequence encoding a flooding-responsive gene from maize (Zea mays L.) homologous to xyloglucan endotransglycosylase.

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Pre-formed xyloglucans and xylans increase in molecular weight in three distinct compartments of a maize cell-suspension culture.

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Cultured cells of maize ( Zea mays L.) were pulse-labelled with l-[1-(3)H]arabinose (Ara) and then monitored for 7 days. The (3)H-hemicelluloses present in three compartments (protoplasm, cell wall and culture medium) were size-fractionated and the fractions assayed for [(3)H]xyloglucans and

Hydrolytic Activity and Substrate Specificity of an Endoglucanase from Zea mays Seedling Cell Walls.

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An endoglucanase was isolated from cell walls of Zea mays seedlings. Characterization of the hydrolytic activity of this glucanase using model substrates indicated a high specificity for molecules containing intramolecular (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-d-glucosyl sequences. Substrates with

Characterization and expression of transcripts induced by oxygen deprivation in maize (Zea mays L.).

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Until recently, the only genes described in plants induced by oxygen deprivation (anoxia or hypoxia) encoded enzymes of glucose-phosphate metabolism. In the present study, two flooding-induced maize (Zea mays L.) genes that may serve a different function have been identified. These genes, with

A flooding-induced xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase homolog in maize is responsive to ethylene and associated with aerenchyma.

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Development of aerenchyma (soft cortical tissue with large intercellular air spaces) in flooded plants results from cell-wall hydrolysis and eventual cell lysis and is promoted by endogenous ethylene. Despite its adaptive significance, the molecular mechanisms behind aerenchyma development remain

Drug release from xyloglucan beads coated with Eudragit for oral drug delivery.

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Xyloglucan (XG), which exhibits thermal sol to gel transition, non-toxicity, and low gelation concentration, is of interest in the development of sustained release carriers for drug delivery. Drug-loaded XG beads were prepared by extruding dropwise a dispersion of indomethacin in aqueous XG solution

Root Growth Maintenance at Low Water Potentials (Increased Activity of Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase and Its Possible Regulation by Abscisic Acid).

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Previous work suggested that an increase in cell wall-loosening contributes to the maintenance of maize (Zea mays L.) primary root elongation at low water potentials ([psi]w). It was also shown that root elongation at low [psi]w requires increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA). In this study we

Structural Analysis of Secreted Root Slime from Maize (Zea mays L.).

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Secreted slime isolated from the incubation medium of Zea mays roots maintained axenically contains fucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, and glucose as the major monosaccharides. The slime preparation contains low levels (3% weight/weight [w/w]) of uronic acids. Methylation analysis reveals an

Extracellular cross-linking of xylan and xyloglucan in maize cell-suspension cultures: the role of oxidative phenolic coupling.

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Cell-suspension cultures of maize ( Zea mays L.) released soluble extracellular polysaccharides (SEPs) into their medium. Some or all of the SEPs had feruloyl ester groups. Pulse-labelling with [(3)H]arabinose was used to monitor changes in the SEPs' M(r) (estimated by gel-permeation chromatography)

Distribution of fucosylated xyloglucans among the walls of different cell types in monocotyledons determined by immunofluorescence microscopy.

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Xyloglucans in the non-lignified primary cell walls of different species of monocotyledons have diverse structures, with widely varying proportions of oligosaccharide units that contain fucosylated side chains (F side chains). To determine whether fucosylated xyloglucans occur in all non-lignified

Comparative proteomic analysis revealing the complex network associated with waterlogging stress in maize (Zea mays L.) seedling root cells.

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Soil waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting maize grain yields. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in maize, the iTRAQ LC-MS/MS technique was employed to map the proteomes of seedling root cells of the A3237 (tolerant inbred) and A3239

Evolution of the Cell Wall Gene Families of Grasses.

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Grasses and related commelinid monocot species synthesize cell walls distinct in composition from other angiosperm species. With few exceptions, the genomes of all angiosperms contain the genes that encode the enzymes for synthesis of all cell-wall polysaccharide, phenylpropanoid, and protein

Early cell-wall modifications of maize cell cultures during habituation to dichlobenil.

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Studies involving the habituation of plant cell cultures to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors have achieved significant progress as regards understanding the structural plasticity of cell walls. However, since habituation studies have typically used high concentrations of inhibitors and long-term

Neural network analyses of infrared spectra for classifying cell wall architectures.

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About 10% of plant genomes are devoted to cell wall biogenesis. Our goal is to establish methodologies that identify and classify cell wall phenotypes of mutants on a genome-wide scale. Toward this goal, we have used a model system, the elongating maize (Zea mays) coleoptile system, in which cell

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