Identification of Vaccinia-H1 related phosphatase as an anticancer target for 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases are involved in diverse human diseases, including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory disorders. Loss of Vaccinia-H1 related phosphatase (VHR) has been shown to arrest at the G1-S and G2-M transitions of the cell cycle, and to increases cell death of prostate cancer cells through JNK activation, suggesting that VHR can be considered as an anti-cancer target. In this study, 658 natural products were screened through in vitro enzyme assay to identify VHR inhibitor. Among the VHR-inhibitory compounds, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) was selected for further study as it has been reported to show antitumor effects against tumor model mice but its direct target has not been identified. PGG inhibited the catalytic activity of VHR (Ki = 53 nM) in vitro. Furthermore, the incubation of HeLa cervical cancer cells with PGG dramatically decreased cell viability and markedly increased the protein levels of the cleaved PARP, a hallmark of apoptosis. In addition, treatment of HeLa cells with PGG significantly reduced the protein levels of cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that PGG could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cervical cancer through VHR inhibition. Keywords: Vaccinia-H1 related phosphatase; 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose; anticancer; HeLa cervical cancer cells; apoptosis.