Lipoprotein profile, plasma ischemia modified albumin and LDL density change in the course of postprandial lipemia. Insights from the LIPGENE study.

Postprandial lipemia is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Very little data exists regarding postprandial response in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The current study was conducted within the LIPGENE EU Integrated Project. Patients were randomized to one of the four isocaloric fatty meals (Oral Fat Tolerance Tests, OFTT): (A) high-fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich (HFSA), (B) high-fat, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich (HFMUFA), (C) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate with 1.24 g high oleic sunflower oil supplement (LFHCC) and (D) low-fat high-complex carbohydrate with 1.24 g long chain n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid (LC n-3 PUFA) supplement (LFHCCn-3). The total and incremental areas under the curve (tAUC and iAUC) of plasma lipid and lipoprotein, Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) and LDL density were examined in patients with MetS to define effect of OFTT. All types of OFTT transiently increased plasma triglyceride and LDL density (LDLdens). It was paralleled by temporal decrease in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). This last effect was partly alleviated in LFHCCn-3 test. A reversible increase of IMA was statistically significant only in the course of HSFA and HMUFA tests. EPA and DHA supplement in combined high complex-carbohydrate meal may attenuate adverse effect of tested meal on LDL particle profile and plasma ischemia modified albumin. No expected associations between measures of central adiposity (waist, WHR), adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), and postprandial responses of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, LDLdens and IMA/Alb ratio were found in subgroup analysis.