[Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic Parks procedure for chronic radiation proctopathy]

Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic Parks procedure for chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP). Methods: A descriptive cohort study was carried out. The clinical and follow-up data of 19 patients who received laparoscopic Parks procedure due to CRP in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2013 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria: (1) serious late complications occurred after pelvic radiotherapy, e.g.serious intractable hematochezia (hemoglobin <70 g/L), intractable anal pain (numerical rating scale >7), rectostenosis, perforation, and fistula. (2) imaging examinations including colonoscopy, pelvic MRI and/or chest, abdomen and pelvic CT were performed before surgery to confirm the lesions. Exclusion criteria: (1) preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis of tumor recurrence; (2) only ostomy was performed after laparoscopic exploration; (3) after neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer; (4) incomplete medical records. Surgical procedures: (1) Laparoscopic exploration: tumor recurrence was excluded, and the range of radioactive damage in the intestine was determined. Marks were made on the proximal sigmoid colon without grossly obvious edema, thickening or radioactive injuries. (2) Abdominal operation: the right mesentery of sigmoid colon and rectum was opened, inferior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric artery were divided and the Toldt gap was expanded inwards and cephalad. The outside of left hemicolon was freed, the gastrocolic ligament was opened, the splenic flexure was fully mobilized, and the rectum was separated from the rear, side and front to the lowest point. Then perineal operation was performed. (3) Perineal operation: the whole layer of rectum wall was cut thoroughly at 1cm below the lesion's lower margin, the space around the rectum was fully separated, the rectum and sigmoid colon was pulled out through the anus and cut off at the site of the grossly normal intestine, the diseased bowel was removed and a coloanal anastomosis was made. (4) A protective stoma was performed. Conditions of operation, complication and symptom relief were summarized. A descriptive statistic method was used to analyze the results. Results: All the 19 patients were female with a median age of 53 (interquartiles, 50, 56) years old, of whom 18 patients had primary cervical cancer. Surgical indications: 9 cases were rectovaginal fistula; 9 cases were intractable anal pain, among whom 7 were complicated with deep rectal ulcer; and 1 case was intractable hematochezia with deep rectal ulcer. Eighteen cases completed laparoscopic Parks procedure, while 1 case was converted to laparotomy. The median operative time was 215 (131, 270) minutes, the median bleeding volume was 50 (50, 100) ml, and the median hospital stay was 12 (11, 20) days. There was no perioperative death. Ten cases had postoperative complications, including 3 cases of serious complications (CD grade IIIb and above) within 30 days after operation, of whom one case developed pelvic infection caused by rectovaginal, rectovesical and rectourethral fistula and acute renal failure (IVa); 2 cases developed orifice prolapse and parastomal hernia (IIIb). Seven cases had anastomosis-related complications, including 4 cases of grade A anastomotic leakage and 3 cases of anastomotic stenosis. Symptoms of CRP in the whole group were significantly relieved or disappeared after one year of the operation. Five cases achieved stoma closure. Conclusions: Laparoscopic Parks procedure for chronic radiation proctopathy is safe and feasible, and can effectively improve symptoms. However, the incidence of anastomotic complications is high, so the surgical indications should be strictly controlled.

目的： 放射性直肠损伤（RP）是盆腔放疗最常见并发症之一。当RP出现梗阻、穿孔、瘘、顽固性直肠出血等严重晚期并发症时，需要手术治疗。由于放疗后腹盆腔可能广泛粘连，解剖层次消失，手术难度大，目前病变肠管切除术（尤其是腹腔镜下）在慢性RP（CRP）中的应用仍缺乏经验借鉴。本研究初步探讨腹腔镜Parks手术治疗CRP的可行性和安全性。 方法： 采用描述性病例系列研究方法，回顾性分析中山大学附属第六医院2013年7月至2019年3月期间，因CRP晚期并发症行腹腔镜Parks手术的19例患者的临床及随访资料。病例纳入标准：（1）盆腔放疗后出现CRP严重晚期并发症，包括：重度顽固性便血（血红蛋白<70 g/L）、重度顽固性肛门疼痛（疼痛数字评分>7分）、直肠狭窄、直肠穿孔和直肠瘘；（2）术前行结肠镜、盆腔MRI和（或）胸腹盆CT等影像学检查明确病变。排除标准：（1）术前或术中诊断肿瘤复发；（2）腹腔镜探查后仅行造口术；（3）直肠癌新辅助放疗后；（4）病历资料不完整。Parks手术步骤：（1）腹腔镜探查：排除肿瘤复发，明确放射性损伤肠管范围，于肉眼判断近端无明显水肿增厚、无放射性损伤改变的近端乙状结肠处做标记。（2）腹部操作：打开乙状结肠直肠右侧系膜，离断肠系膜下动、静脉，向内侧头侧拓展Toldt间隙，游离左半结肠外侧，打开胃结肠韧带，充分游离脾曲，从后方、两侧及前方分离直肠至最低点，转会阴部操作。（3）会阴部操作：于病变下缘1 cm全层切开直肠壁，充分分离直肠周围间隙至与腹腔相通，将直肠及乙状结肠经肛门拖出，于肉眼评估正常肠管处切断，移除病变肠管，行结肠肛管吻合。（4）行保护性造口。对入组病例总结手术、并发症以及症状缓解情况。采用描述性统计学方法，计量资料用x ± s或M（P(25)，P(75)）表示。 结果： 全组19例患者均为女性，中位年龄53（50，56）岁，18例患者原发肿瘤为宫颈癌。因放疗致直肠阴道瘘9例，顽固性肛门疼痛9例（其中合并直肠深溃疡7例），顽固性便血合并直肠深溃疡1例。18例完成Parks手术，中转开腹1例。中位手术时间215（131，270）min，中位出血量50（50，100）ml，术后中位住院时间12（11，20）d。无围手术期死亡病例。术后10例发生并发症，严重并发症（Clavien-Dindo并发症分级Ⅲb级及以上者）3例，其中1例为直肠阴道膀胱尿道瘘导致盆腔感染、急性肾衰（Ⅳa级），是术后30 d内并发症；另有2例为造口脱垂并旁疝（Ⅲb）。7例出现吻合口相关并发症，其中A级吻合口漏4例，吻合口狭窄3例。全组患者手术1年后CRP症状均明显缓解或消失。5例实现造口回纳。 结论： 腹腔镜Parks术治疗CRP晚期并发症是安全可行的，能有效改善直肠症状；但吻合口并发症发生率较高，需严格把握手术指征。.

Keywords: Minimally invasive surgery; Parks operation; Radiation proctopathy, chronic.