Inhalation of Cedrus atlantica essential oil alleviates pain behavior through activation of descending pain modulation pathways in a mouse model of postoperative pain.
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BACKGROUND
Cedrus atlantica essential oil (CaEO) presents analgesic and anti-inflammatory sedative properties. However, it remains unknown whether CaEO alleviates acute postoperative pain.
METHODS
Here, we investigated the effect of CaEO on postoperative pain and its mechanisms related to the descending pain control in Swiss males mice induced by a plantar incision surgery (PIS) in the hindpaw.
RESULTS
Inhalation of CaEO (5', 30' or 60') markedly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity. This effect was prevented by pre-treatment with naloxone or p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA, 100mg/kg, i.p.)-induced depletion of serotonin. In addition, p-alpha-methyl-para-tyrosin (AMPT, 100mg/kg, i.p.)-induced depletion of norepinephrine, intraperitoneal injection of the α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg, i.p.) or haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.) an antagonist of dopaminergic (D1 and D2) receptors prevented the effect of CaEO on hypersensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that CaEO alleviates postoperative pain by activating the descending pain modulation pathways on the opioidergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic (α2-adrenergic) and dopaminergic (dopamine D1 and D2 receptors) systems.
