Potential role of blood microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of asymptomatic coronary atherosclerosis in obese children with metabolic syndrome.

The pandemic of the childhood obesity represent a major public health problem all over the world. This leads to detection of many health conditions that were previously considered an adulthood diseases. The rise in the prevalence of the obesity and overweight among children means that the world will face an explosion in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), which increases the risk of atherosclerotic disease and death in adulthood. The atherosclerotic process has proved to develop silently for decades during childhood and adolescence before the cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke occur. This means that obese children especially with MS could have heart attacks and suffer from heart disease in an age when they should be very healthy, but most of these data either derived from autopsy findings or studies that confirmed the presence of peripheral atherosclerosis. Very early detection of coronary atherosclerosis in obese children with metabolic syndrome through a non invasive method will be of great importance, allowing for early therapeutic intervention. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered a major scientific breakthrough in the last years; recent studies have suggested a potentially important role of miRNAs in the control of diversity aspects of cardiac functions in health and disease including coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, circulating miRNAs profiles recently used as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The identification of distinct circulating miRNA profiles may impact the development of specific miRNAs as biomarkers in pediatric cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we postulate that some of these circulating miRNAs may be a potential biomarker for early non-invasive diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis in very early asymptomatic stage in obese children with metabolic syndrome, giving an excellent chance to fight against the first killer in the adult population in childhood period.