The perinatal autopsy: a contemporary approach.

As autopsy rates in general hospitals decline, interest in the perinatal autopsy continues to rise, reflecting the emergence of a vigorous specialty growing in parallel with fetal medicine, prenatal diagnosis and clinical genetics. Perinatal autopsies are best carried out in tertiary centres which provide these services. Meticulous documentation, flexibility of technique, intelligent use of laboratory tests and wide systematic histopathologic sampling are emphasized. Microbiologic examination is of particular value when carried out by a laboratory having a special interest in genital tract and perinatal pathogens. Karyotyping must be selective if resources are to be conserved and is most productive when there are multiple malformations. Perinatal autopsy is not complete without examination of the placenta and significant lesions should be clearly distinguished from curiosities and from changes secondary to fetal death. The pathologist's wider contribution to perinatal medicine includes providing high quality data to epidemiology units and auditing committees, contributing to the multidisciplinary management of prenatally diagnosed fetal abnormalities, monitoring iatrogenic disease patterns and supporting the process of perinatal grief management. Special problems and diagnostic challenges are to be found when investigating sudden, unexplained intrauterine fetal death, hydrops, bone dysplasias and complicated multiple pregnancies.