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Combining anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action has the potential to enhance antitumor effect. CPT-11 (Camptosar, irinotecan), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of a variety of cancers. However, its clinical usage is often complicated
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play a major role in the management of inflammation and pain caused by arthritis. A new class of NSAIDs that selectively inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme has been developed. The first COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib, are said to
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein, is abundantly present in colostrum and milk of different species such as humans, bovines, and mice. Our previous observation revealed that bovine colostral Lf is transported into the systemic circulation and cerebrospinal fluid from
The intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) causes amebiasis associated with severe diarrhea and/or liver abscess. Eh pathogenesis is multifactorial requiring both parasite virulent molecules and host-induced innate immune responses. Eh-induced host
BACKGROUND
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the major source of leukotrienes. Their role in IBD has been demonstrated in humans and animal models, but not in dogs with chronic enteropathies
The mechanisms of diarrhea in Asiatic cholera have been studied extensively. Cyclic AMP, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandins, and the function of neuronal structures have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cholera. To elucidate the role of the different isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) of
Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 expression and inhibition were investigated in a rabbit ileal loop model of Clostridium difficile colitis and diarrhea. Intestinal tissue stimulated with C. difficile toxin A showed up-regulation of Cox-2 expression in lamina propria macrophages and elevated prostaglandin
To clarify the mechanism of castor oil-induced diarrhea, this study was performed by using rats in relation to nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG). Castor oil induced diarrhea in all rats within 3 hr in the control group. The pretreatment of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester prevented the
Patients with hyperprostaglandin E syndrome/antenatal Bartter syndrome typically have renal salt wasting, hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis, and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Antenatally, these patients have fetal polyuria, leading to polyhydramnios and premature birth. Hyperprostaglandin E
OBJECTIVE
To determine if oral supplementation with L-arginine could augment nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and promote epithelial defense in neonatal piglets infected with Cryptosporidium parvum.
METHODS
Neonatal piglets were fed a liquid milk replacer and on day 3 of age infected or not with 10(8) C.
The fruit hull of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L., has been used for many years as a medicine for treatment of skin infection, wounds, and diarrhea in Southeast Asia. In the present study, we examined the effect of gamma-mangostin, a tetraoxygenated diprenylated xanthone contained in mangosteen,
BACKGROUND
There are conflicting and inconsistent data regarding the gastrointestinal (GI) protective effect of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plus proton-pump inhibitors (PPI).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the adverse GI effects between COX-2
OBJECTIVE
To test the efficacy of selective therapy against cyclooxygenase-2 in combination with a low-dose regimen of a cytotoxic agent in the treatment of juvenile hematopoietic malignancies in the experimental model, Friend disease.
METHODS
Juvenile erythroleukemic mice (n = 8) received no
OBJECTIVE
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors such as roflumilast are currently being developed as anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic airway disorders. However, high doses of PDE4 inhibitors have also been linked to several side effects in different animal species, including
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of several functional gastrointestinal disorders commonly encountered in both the clinical setting and the general population. The biopsychosocial model is currently believed to be a more complete explanatory mechanism of IBS symptom genesis and propagation. Gut