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Prior to surgery, all patients will undergo pre-anesthetic checkup including detailed history, physical, systemic examination, height and weight of the patient. All patients will be investigated for exclusion of any of the above mentioned contraindications. Routine preoperative laboratory
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a disabling condition that mostly affects young women in their reproductive age. It is characterized by chronic (>6 months) orthostatic intolerance symptoms (palpitation, lightheadedness, blurred vision and mental clouding) triggered by assuming an upright
Over the past decades, clinical trials in HF have been unable to alter the natural history of cardio-renal compromise. Fluid retention accounts for the majority of admissions for acute decompensated heart failure, and salt and water removal using intravenous (IV) diuretics has been the mainstay of
In Specific Aim 1, the investigators will use state-of-the-art measurements of sympathetic activity (autonomic function tests, response to trimethaphan, direct nerve sympathetic traffic recordings with microneurography, plasma norepinephrine, and intraneuronal metabolites), inflammatory mediators