lysine/arabidopsis

The essential biosynthetic pathway to l-Lysine in bacteria and plants is an attractive target for the development of new antibiotics or herbicides because it is absent in humans, who must acquire this amino acid in their diet. Plants use a shortcut of a bacterial pathway to l-Lysine in which the

Arabidopsis thaliana has four genes with close homology to human histone H3 lysine 4 demethylase (HsLSD1), a component of various transcriptional corepressor complexes that often also contain histone deacetylases and the corepressor protein CoREST. All four Arabidopsis proteins contain a flavin

The plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. BRs signal through receptors localized to the plasma membrane and other signaling components to regulate the BES1/BZR1 family of transcription factors,

Plant organelles cope with endogenous DNA damaging agents, byproducts of respiration and photosynthesis, and exogenous agents like ultraviolet light. Plant organellar DNA polymerases (DNAPs) are not phylogenetically related to yeast and metazoan DNAPs and they harbor three insertions not present in

Rubisco and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) are involved in CO2 fixation in chloroplasts. Both enzymes are trimethylated at a specific lysine residue by the chloroplastic protein methyltransferase LSMT. Genes coding LSMT are present in all plant genomes but the methylation status of the

In pea (Pisum sativum), the protein-lysine methyltransferase (PsLSMT) catalyzes the trimethylation of Lys-14 in the large subunit (LS) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the enzyme catalyzing the CO(2) fixation step during photosynthesis. Homologs of PsLSMT, herein

Nitrogen availability has a strong influence on developmental processes in plants. We show that the time of nitrogen supply regulates the course of leaf senescence in flag leaves of Hordeum vulgare. The senescence-specific decrease in chlorophyll content and photosystem II efficiency is clearly

Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are key regulators of homeotic genes and have central roles in cell proliferation, growth and development. In animals, PcG and trxG proteins form higher order protein complexes that contain SET domain proteins with histone methyltransferase

The aspartate-derived amino acid pathway in plants is an intensively studied metabolic pathway, because of the biosynthesis of the four essential amino acids lysine, threonine, isoleucine and methionine. The pathway is mainly controlled by the key regulatory enzymes aspartate kinase (AK; EC

We isolated the gene encoding lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR, EC 1.5.1.8) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH, ED 1.5.1.9) from an Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA library based on the homology between the yeast biosynthetic genes encoding SDH (lysine-forming) or SDH (glutamate-forming) and

Diaminopimelate (DAP) epimerase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of lysine in plants. Lysine is an essential dietary nutrient for mammals. In both plants and bacteria, DAP epimerase catalyzes the interconversion of LL-DAP and DL(meso)-DAP. The absence of a mammalian homolog makes DAP epimerase a

As in many bacterial species, the first enzymatic reaction of the aspartate-family pathway in plants is mediated by several isozymes of aspartate kinase (AK) that are subject to feedback inhibition by the end-product amino acids lysine or threonine. So far, only cDNAs and genes encoding

CYBASC proteins are ascorbate (AscH^-) reducible, diheme b-containing integral membrane cytochrome b₅₆₁ proteins (cytb₅₆₁), which are proposed to be involved in AscH^- recycling and facilitation of iron absorption. Two distinct CYBASC

In eukaryotes, changes in chromatin structure regulate the access of gene regulatory sequences to the transcriptional machinery and play important roles in the repression of transposable elements, thereby protecting genome integrity. Chromatin dynamics and gene expression states are highly

Post-transcriptional modifications of histones play important roles in various biological processes. Here, we report that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing histone H3 lysine to methionine mutations at histone H3.1K36 (H3.1K36M) and H3.3K36 (H3.3K36M) have serious developmental defects with