Psyllium powder is used as the placebo. A member of the research staff will package and dispense L-alanine and placebo in similar containers. A standard measuring spoon will be provided to the subject for preparing the placebo solution. Subjects will mix the placebo in the beverage of their choice and consume this approximately 20 minutes before meals or snacks, in according with the dosing guidelines set for them by the dietitian.
Meal Placebo Breakfast * 1-2 scoops Snack * .5 - 1 scoop Lunch * 1-2 scoops Snack * .5 - 1 scoop Dinner * 1-2 scoops

L-alanine, USP (Spectrum® Chemicals and Laboratory Products, Gardena, CA) will be packaged and dispensed by one member of the research staff who will have no other role in the study. A one-month supply will be dispensed to the subjects.
Meal L-Alanine Breakfast * 1-2 scoops Snack * .5 - 1 scoop Lunch * 1-2 scoops Snack * .5 - 1 scoop Dinner * 1-2 scoops

Fructose Intolerance

Subjects will mix the placebo in the beverage of their choice and consume this approximately 20 minutes before meals or snacks, in according with the dosing guidelines set for them by the dietitian.

Placedo

Subjects will mix the alanine in the beverage of their choice and consume this approximately 20 minutes before meals or snacks, in according with the dosing guidelines set for them by the dietitian.

Alanine

Augusta University

Investigation of Supplemental L-alanine in the Management of Dietary Fructose Intolerance

Investigation of Supplemental L-alanine in the Management of Dietary Fructose Intolerance: a Double-blind, Randomized Study

Change in GI symptom score with alanine and placebo, when compared to the baseline

Estimated daily consumption of fructose during the alanine and placebo phases, when compared to the baseline using prospective food diaries

Changes in breath hydrogen and/or methane values with alanine and placebo when compared with to the baseline

Changes in SF-12 scores between and after baseline and placebo

Glucose breath test, 75 g glucose in 250 ml water. Breath samples collected at baseline and every 15 min for 2 hours

Fructose breath test, 25 g fructose in 250 ml water. Breath samples collected at baseline and every 30 min for 3 hours

Lactose breath test, 25 g lactose in 250 ml water. Breath samples collected at baseline and every 30 min for 5 hours

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Lactose Intolerance

Glucose Intolerance

Clinical Utility of Breath Tests in GI

Clinical Utility of Carbohydrate Breath Tests in Unexplained GI Symptoms

bacterial overgrowth which results in the inability to absorb nutrients

significant increase in the level of Hydrogen greater than or equal to 20ppm or methane greater than or equal to 15ppm or both above greater than or equal to 15ppm baseline.

significant rise in hydrogen and/or methane levels

both the presence of malabsorption and the onset of new symptom or an increase (greater than or equal to 1) in the severity of baseline symptoms

absence of GI symptoms or change in symptoms during the test together with no significant increase in the levels of hydrogen and methane.

significant increase (greater than or equal to 1) in the severity of two or more baseline symptoms together with no significant rise in hydrogen or methane levels

12 volunteers receive 7g xylitol in 300mL tap water via a nasogastric tube

12 volunteers receive 17g xylitol in 300mL tap water via a nasogastric tube

12 volunteers receive 35g xylitol in 300mL tap water via a nasogastric tube

12 volunteers receive 10g erythritol in 300mL tap water via a nasogastric tube

12 volunteers receive 25g erythritol in 300mL tap water via a nasogastric tube

12 volunteers receive 50g erythritol in 300mL tap water via a nasogastric tube

Physiological Satiation Mechanisms

Xylitol 7g

Erythritol 10g

Xylitol 17g

Xylitol 35g

Erythritol 25g

Erythritol 50g

University Hospital Basel

Effect of Different Concentrations of Xylitol and Erythritol on Gut Peptide Release and Gastric Emptying in Humans

Effect of Different Concentrations of Xylitol and Erythritol on the Release of Gastrointestinal Peptides and on Gastric Emptying Rates in Healthy Normal Weight Humans

effect on CCK release measured by a commercially available ELISA kit (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Acute effects on gastric emptying measured by 13C-sodium-acetate breath test

Acute effects on subjective feelings of hunger and satiety measured by visual analogue scales

University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

STA-5326

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

STA-5326 Meslylate to Treat Gut Inflammation Associated With Common Variable Immunodeficiency

A Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy of the Oral IL-12/23 Inhibitor, STA-5326 Mesylate, for Symptomatic Gastrointestinal Inflammation Associated With Common Variable Immunodeficiency

sweeteners/diarrhea

Investigation of Supplemental L-alanine in the Management of Dietary Fructose Intolerance

Clinical Utility of Breath Tests in GI

Effect of Different Concentrations of Xylitol and Erythritol on Gut Peptide Release and Gastric Emptying in Humans

STA-5326 Meslylate to Treat Gut Inflammation Associated With Common Variable Immunodeficiency

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