In folkloric medicine the dried rhizome of the Jamaican sarsaparilla (Smilax ornate Lem.), is given as a decoction to treat chronic rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. This particular claim has been scientifically validated; however, the mechanism for its anti-inflammatory activity is still unknown and hence, it forms the reason for this investigation.The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol extract of Smilax ornate Lem.
METHOD
The methanol extract was prepared using the soxhlet apparatus. The preliminary mechanism of action was investigated using models of oedema induced by histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandin E
2.
For the histamine-induced oedema model, the methanol extract (400 mg/kg) reduced the oedema formation, however, it was not significant (P > 0.05). For the bradykinin-induced oedema model, the methanol extract (400 mg/kg) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity when compared with that of the control (saline) group, with an onset on 60 min and a duration of 2 h. For the prostaglandin-induced oedema model, the methanol extract (400 mg/kg) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity when compared with that of its control group, with an onset on 120 min and a duration of 1.5 h.The methanol extract of Smilax ornata Lem. produced significant anti-inflammatory activity in the bradykinin-induced and prostaglandin-induced oedema models. It is possible that the mechanism by which it acts is by reducing the concentration or blocking the action of these mediators.
