Apocarotenoids, such as β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, and loliolide, are derived from carotenes via chemical or enzymatic processes. Recent studies revealed that β-cyclocitral and loliolide play an important role in various aspects of plant physiology, such as stress responses, plant growth,
In plants, the oxidative cleavage of carotenoid substrates produces volatile apocarotenoids, including α-ionone, β-ionone, and dihydro-β-ionone, compounds that are important in herbivore-plant communication. For example, β-ionone is part of an induced defense in canola, Brassica napus, and is
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) drive carotenoid catabolism to produce various apocarotenoids and immediate derivatives with particular developmental, ecological, and agricultural importance. How CCD genes evolved with species diversification and the resulting functional novelties in cereal
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