androstenedione/dental caries

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Androstenedione up-regulation of endometrial aromatase expression via local conversion to estrogen: potential relevance to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

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BACKGROUND Up-regulation of aromatase expression in endometrial cells disseminated into the peritoneal cavity may enhance their survival via local estrogen synthesis, which may lead to endometriosis. The factors that mediate induction of aromatase in the endometrium are not well defined, but

Testosterone complex and non-steroidal ligands of human aromatase.

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Cytochrome P450 aromatase (AROM) catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogen from androgen. Previously crystal structures of human AROM in complex with the substrate androstenedione, and inhibitors exemestane, as well as the newly designed steroidal compounds, have been reported. Here we report the first

Mechanism of inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis by azole fungicides.

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Biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 aromatase. Aromatase inhibition by the triazole compounds letrozole (LTZ) and anastrozole is a prevalent therapy for estrogen-dependent postmenopausal breast cancer. Azoles are widely used as agricultural fungicides and

Impaired estrogen production by Leydig cells of the naturally retained testis in unilaterally cryptorchid boars and stallions.

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Estrogen production in vitro was compared for Leydig cells from cryptorchid and scrotal testes in boars and stallions. Animals with natural and experimental cryptorchidism were used. Purified Leydig cells were prepared from testes of mature animals by collagenase treatment and Percoll density

Hyperandrogenism due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency with accessory adrenocortical tissue: a hormonal and metabolic evaluation.

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1. Adrenal ectopic tissue has been detected in the paragonadal region of normal women. In patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency, the manifestation of hyperplasia of paragonadal accessory adrenal tissue has been usually reported to occur in males.

Higher order organization of human placental aromatase.

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Aromatase (CYP19A1) is an integral membrane enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the 19-methyl group and aromatization of the A-ring of androgens. All human estrogens are synthesized from their androgenic precursors by this unique cytochrome P450. The crystal structure of active aromatase purified

Crystal structures of mouse 17alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (apoenzyme and enzyme-NADP(H) binary complex): identification of molecular determinants responsible for the unique 17alpha-reductive activity of this enzyme.

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Very recently, the mouse 17alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (m17alpha-HSD), a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, has been characterized and identified as the unique enzyme able to catalyze efficiently and in a stereospecific manner the conversion of androstenedione (Delta4) into

The synthesis of steroids by Taenia crassiceps WFU cysticerci and tapeworms is related to the developmental stages of the parasites.

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Taeniids tapeworms are hermaphroditic helminths that gradually develop testis and ovaries in their reproductive units. The larval stage of the tapeworms named cysticercus is a vesicle that contains the scolex and proliferates asexually in the abdominal cavity of mice. Once in the host, they

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

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In patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the concentrations of the cortisol precursor 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and its metabolite delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4 A) are increased. CAH was diagnosed in twins by measurement of 17-OHP and

Motion and flexibility in human cytochrome p450 aromatase.

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The crystal structures of human placental aromatase in complex with the substrate androstenedione and exemestane have revealed an androgen-specific active site and the structural basis for higher order organization. However, X-ray structures do not provide accounts of movements due to short-range

Active site acidic residues and structural analysis of modelled human aromatase: a potential drug target for breast cancer.

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This study sheds new light on the role of acidic residues present in the active site cavity of human aromatase. Eight acidic residues (E129, D222, E245, E302, D309, E379, D380 and D476) lining the cavity are identified and studied using comparative modeling, docking, molecular dynamics as well as

Relationships between the level of atresia and inhibin contents (alpha subunit and alpha-beta dimer) in morphologically dominant follicles during their growing and regressing phases of development in cattle.

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The objectives were to determine the relationships between changes in the levels of histological and biochemical (estradiol [E2]:androstenedione [A], E2:A ratio) atresia and changes in inhibin contents of morphologically dominant follicles collected during the growing or the regressing phase of the

Longitudinal associations of the endocrine environment on fat partitioning in postmenopausal women.

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Among postmenopausal women, declining estrogen may facilitate fat partitioning from the periphery to the intra-abdominal space. Furthermore, it has been suggested that excess androgens contribute to a central fat distribution pattern in women. The objective of this longitudinal study was to identify

How does daily treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin induce superovulation in the cyclic hamster?

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Daily s.c. injection of 2.0 IU hCG per day, begun on Day 1 of the cycle (estrus), results in hamsters ovulating 20.7 +/- 0.7 eggs instead of the normal number of 13.3 +/- 0.5 (SEM). This is associated with a reduced rate of follicular atresia so that more of the 10 developing follicles per ovary

Biochemical characterization of peritoneal fluid in women during the menstrual cycle.

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Peritoneal fluid was collected at laparoscopy in women during the menstrual cycle and was assayed for protein and steroid hormone content. The total protein concentration in peritoneal fluid and the concentrations of the steroid hormone-binding proteins, transcortin and sex hormone-binding globulin,

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