cholera/proline

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Role for glycine betaine transport in Vibrio cholerae osmoadaptation and biofilm formation within microbial communities.

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Vibrio cholerae is a halophilic facultative human pathogen found in marine and estuarine environments. Accumulation of compatible solutes is important for growth of V. cholerae at NaCl concentrations greater than 250 mM. We have identified and characterized two compatible solute transporters, OpuD

Mlp24 (McpX) of Vibrio cholerae implicated in pathogenicity functions as a chemoreceptor for multiple amino acids.

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The chemotaxis of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has been implicated in pathogenicity. The bacterium has more than 40 genes for methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP)-like proteins (MLPs). In this study, we found that glycine and at least 18 L-amino acids, including serine,

The crystal structure of ribosomal chaperone trigger factor from Vibrio cholerae.

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Trigger factor is a molecular chaperone that is present in all species of eubacteria. It binds to the ribosomal 50S subunit near the translation exit tunnel and is thought to be the first protein to interact with nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome. The chaperone has a peptidyl-prolyl

Effect of cholera toxin on glutamine metabolism and transport in rabbit ileum.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cholera toxin on energy balance from intestinal glutamine metabolism and oxidation, glutamine-dependent sodium absorption, and cholera toxin-dependent ion flux. Cholera toxin-stimulated sodium and L-glutamine ileal transport and metabolism

Secretory and GM1 receptor binding role of N-terminal region of LTB in Vibrio cholerae.

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Heat labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is similar to cholera toxin (CT) and is a leading cause of diarrhea in developing countries. It consists of an enzymatically active A subunit (LTA) and a carrier pentameric B subunit (LTB). In the current study, we evaluated the

Th1-type immune response to a Coccidioides immitis antigen delivered by an attenuated strain of the non-invasive enteropathogen Vibrio cholerae.

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The antigen-2 or proline rich antigen (Ag2/PRA) from Coccidioides immitis, known to protect mice against experimental Coccidioidomycosis, was expressed in the genetically attenuated cholera vaccine candidate Vibrio cholerae 638 and its thymine auxotrophic derivative 638T. Intranasal immunization of

Cholera vaccine candidate 638: intranasal immunogenicity and expression of a foreign antigen from the pulmonary pathogen Coccidioides immitis.

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Vibrio cholerae strain 638 is a live genetically attenuated candidate cholera vaccine in which the CTXPhi prophage encoding cholera toxin has been deleted and hapA, encoding an extracellular Zn-dependent metalloprotease, was insertionally inactivated. Strain 638 was highly immunogenic when

wbeT sequence typing and IS1004 profiling of Vibrio cholerae isolates.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular basis for serotype variation in Vibrio cholerae O1 and the genetic relatedness amongst different serotypes isolated from 2004 to 2008 in Iran. RESULTS Despite the presence of all three serotypes of V.cholerae O1 (Ogawa, Inaba and Hikojima) in Iran in the last

Regional differences in the effect of mucosal glucose and amino acids on ion transport in normal and cholera toxin-stimulated porcine small intestine.

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BACKGROUND This study explores regional differences in the response to mucosal D-glucose and L-amino acids in both normal intestine and intestine stimulated with cholera toxin. METHODS Proximal, mid and distal small intestines from 6- to 8-week-old pigs were bathed in Ussing chambers with a buffer

Cholera toxin action on rabbit renal brush-border membranes inhibits phosphate transport.

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Cholera toxin was used to enhance ADP-ribosylation of rabbit renal brush-border membranes. Treatment of brush-border membrane sheets with cholera toxin in the presence of NAD resulted in a specific inhibition of the initial phase of Na+-dependent Pi uptake, compared to controls incubated with NAD

Vibrio cholerae metalloproteinase degrades intestinal mucin and facilitates enterotoxin-induced secretion from rat intestine.

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Mucin secretion in situ from rat intestinal loops was promoted more effectively by dialysed crude cholera filtrate than by an equivalent amount of purified enterotoxin. The filtrate could be rendered inactive by incubation with mixed gangliosides or passage through a GM1-affinity column, which

Effects of cholera toxin on cyclic AMP accumulation and bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria.

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We have utilized the adenylate cyclase stimulator, cholera toxin, as a tool to test the role of cyclic AMP as a mediator of the effects on bone resorption by the calcium-regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. The effects on bone resorption were studied in an organ culture

Cyclo(valine-valine) inhibits Vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression.

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Vibrio cholerae has been shown to produce a cyclic dipeptide, cyclo(phenylalanine-proline) (cFP), that functions to repress virulence factor production. The objective of this study was to determine if heterologous cyclic dipeptides could repress V. cholerae virulence factor production. To that end,

Expression and mutagenesis of recombinant cholera toxin A subunit.

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ADP-ribosylating protein exotoxins from Vibrio cholerae (CT) and Escherichia coli (LT-I) share two short regions of sequence similarity with Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT). Previous studies have indicated that substitution of arginine for lysine 7 within the first region of CT drastically decreases

Interactions of antibody aromatic residues with a peptide of cholera toxin observed by two-dimensional transferred nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy.

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The interactions between a peptide of cholera toxin and the aromatic amino acids of the TE33 antipeptide antibody, cross-reactive with the toxin, have been studied by NOESY difference spectroscopy. The 2D difference between the NOESY spectrum of the Fab with a 4-fold excess of the peptide and that

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