gamma glutamyl cysteine/inflammation

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Cadmium-induced hepatocellular injury: Modulatory effects of γ-glutamyl cysteine on the biomarkers of inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptotic cell death.

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Cadmium is an extremely toxic pollutant that reaches human body through intake of the industrially polluted food and water as well as through cigarette smoking and exposure to polluted air. Cadmium accumulates in different body organs especially the liver. It induces tissue injury largely through

γ-Glutamyl cysteine and γ-glutamyl valine inhibit TNF-α signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and reduce inflammation in a mouse model of colitis via allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor.

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BACKGROUND The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and its activation has been shown to promote intestinal homeostasis, suggesting that CaSR may be a promising target for novel therapies to prevent chronic intestinal inflammation such

Ozone effects on airway responsiveness, lung injury, and inflammation. Comparative rat strain and in vivo/in vitro investigations.

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Asthmatic individuals appear to be particularly sensitive to the effects of certain air pollutants-including ozone (O(3)), an oxidant ambient air pollutant-for reasons that are poorly understood. The general purpose of these studies, therefore, was to expand and improve upon toxicologic methods for

Carbocisteine reduces virus-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.

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Carbocisteine (S-CMC) inhibits viral infection and prevents acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We recently demonstrated the protective effects of NF-E2-related factor (Nrf) 2 against influenza virus (FluV)-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke

Gamma-Glutamyl Cysteine Attenuates Tissue Damage and Enhances Tissue Regeneration in a rat Model of Lead-Induced Nephrotoxicity.

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Lead is a biohazardous metal that is commonly involved in human illness including renal injury. Although it is a non-redox reactive metal, lead-induced renal injury is largely based on oxidative stress. The current work aimed at exploring the possible protective effect of γ-glutamyl cysteine (γGC)

Betulin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages and endotoxin-shocked mice through an AMPK/AKT/Nrf2-dependent mechanism.

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Continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a critical transcriptional activator for antioxidative responses, has envolved to be an attractive drug target for the

Alpha-lipoic acid effects on brain glial functions accompanying double-stranded RNA antiviral and inflammatory signaling.

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Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) serve as viral ligands that trigger innate immunity in astrocytes and microglial, as mediated through Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Beneficial transient TLR3 and PKR anti-viral signaling can become deleterious when events devolve

Synthetic chalcones with potent antioxidant ability on H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

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Chalcone derivatives (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one and (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (Compounds 1 and 2) have been demonstrated to be potent anti-inflammatory agents in our previous study. In light of the relationship of

Inhibition of the neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase by glutathione.

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Sphingomyelin hydrolysis through the activation of sphingomyelinases has become a potentially important signaling pathway with the product ceramide implicated in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the regulation of

Chronic dietary supplementation with turmeric protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-mediated neurotoxicity in vivo: implications for Parkinson's disease.

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Multiple pathways including oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are implicated in neurodegeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD). The current PD drugs provide only symptomatic relief and have limitations in terms of adverse effects and inability to prevent neurodegeneration. Therefore,

Reduced cardiac remodelling and prevention of glutathione deficiency after omega-3 supplementation in chronic heart failure.

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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3) supplementation is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and post-infarction death. However, the impact of omega-3 supplementation in congestive heart failure (CHF) is still unknown. This study assesses the effects of omega-3 supplementation on

The Ayurvedic drug Ksheerabala (101) ameliorates alcohol-induced neurotoxicity by down-regulating the expression of transcription factor (NFkB) in rat brain.

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BACKGROUND Most of the pharmaceutical effects of alcohol are due to its accumulation in the brain. Ksheerabala (101) an Ayurvedic formulation mainly used against central nervous system disorders. OBJECTIVE To determine the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Ksheerabala (101) on

A glutamine synthetase inhibitor increases survival and decreases cytokine response in a mouse model of acute liver failure.

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BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) can be induced in mice by administering Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN), which induce an inflammatory response involving tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and a hepatocyte-specific transcriptional block. Under these

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Kindler syndrome.

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BACKGROUND Kindler Syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by skin blistering, photosensitivity, premature aging, and propensity to skin cancer. In spite of the knowledge underlying cause of this disease involving mutations of FERMT1 (fermitin family member 1), and

Anethole dithiolethione regulates oxidant-induced tyrosine kinase activation in endothelial cells.

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Interaction between neutrophils and endothelial cells is one of the first steps in the functional response of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and is necessary for their migration toward damaged tissues. PMN activation, leading to their adhesion to and migration between endothelial cells, is

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