scoulerine/coptis

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Transient RNA silencing of scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase expression by double stranded RNA in Coptis japonica protoplasts.

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RNAi (RNA interference, RNA silencing) is a powerful tool for functional genomics, but the construction of an RNAi vector(s) and the establishment of stable transformants are time-consuming and laborious. Here we report the transient RNAi of endogenous biosynthetic genes involved in isoquinoline

Molecular cloning and characterization of CYP719, a methylenedioxy bridge-forming enzyme that belongs to a novel P450 family, from cultured Coptis japonica cells.

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Two cytochrome P450 (P450) cDNAs involved in the biosynthesis of berberine, an antimicrobial benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, were isolated from cultured Coptis japonica cells and characterized. A sequence analysis showed that one C. japonica P450 (designated CYP719) belonged to a novel P450 family.

Molecular cloning and characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:scoulerine-9-O-methyltransferase from cultured cells of Coptis japonica.

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S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:scoulerine-9-O-methyltransferase (SMT) catalyzes the transfer of the S-methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 9-hydroxyl group of scoulerine during the biosynthesis of berberine. We have isolated functionally active cDNA clones (pCJSMTs) from a cDNA library prepared

Alternative final steps in berberine biosynthesis in Coptis japonica cell cultures.

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In Coptis japonica cell cultures an alternative pathway has been discovered which leads from (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine via (S)-canadine to berberine. The two enzymes involved have been partially purified. (S)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine is stereospecifically transformed into (S)-canadine under formation

Metabolic diversification of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis through the introduction of a branch pathway in Eschscholzia californica.

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Higher plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites. These chemicals are synthesized from simple precursors through multistep reactions. To understand how plant cells developed such a complicated metabolism, we examined the plasticity of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in

Isolation and Characterization of O-methyltransferases Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glaucine in Glaucium flavum.

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Transcriptome resources for the medicinal plant Glaucium flavum were searched for orthologs showing identity with characterized O-methyltransferases (OMTs) involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Seven recombinant proteins were functionally tested using the signature alkaloid

Molecular cloning and characterization of tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy.

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S-Adenosyl-l-methionine:tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.122) catalyzes the conversion of (S)-stylopine to the quaternary ammonium alkaloid, (S)-cis-N-methylstylopine, as a key step in the biosynthesis of protopine and benzophenanthridine alkaloids in plants. A full-length

Identification and Characterization of Genes Involved in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Coptis Species.

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The dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis have been extensively used in heat clearing, dampness drying, fire draining, and detoxification by virtue of their major bioactive components, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). However, C. teeta and C. chinensis are occasionally interchanged, and current

Molecular cloning of columbamine O-methyltransferase from cultured Coptis japonica cells.

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To identify all of the O-methyltransferase genes involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Coptis japonica cells, we sequenced 1014 cDNA clones isolated from high-alkaloid-producing cultured cells of C. japonica. Among them, we found all three reported O-methyltransferases and an

Molecular cloning and characterization of methylenedioxy bridge-forming enzymes involved in stylopine biosynthesis in Eschscholzia californica.

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(S)-stylopine is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, such as sanguinarine. Stylopine biosynthesis involves the sequential formation of two methylenedioxy bridges. Although the methylenedioxy bridge-forming P450 (CYP719) involved in berberine biosynthesis

Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytochrome P450 in sanguinarine biosynthesis from Eschscholzia californica cells.

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Benzophenanthridine alkaloids, such as sanguinarine, are produced from reticuline, a common intermediate in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, via protopine. Four cytochrome P450s are involved in the biosynthesis of sanguinarine from reticuline; i.e. cheilanthifoline synthase (CYP719A5; EC

Metabolic engineering of plant alkaloid biosynthesis.

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Plant alkaloids, one of the largest groups of natural products, provide many pharmacologically active compounds. Several genes in the biosynthetic pathways for scopolamine, nicotine, and berberine have been cloned, making the metabolic engineering of these alkaloids possible. Expression of two

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