Insights of potent therapeutical anti leukemic agent L-Glutaminase enzyme under solid state fermentation: A review.

Aim & objective: To review the applications and production studies of reported anti-leukemic drug L-glutaminase under Solid State Fermentation (SSF). Overview: An amoidohydrolase which gained economic importance because of its wide range of applications in both pharmaceutical industry as well as food industry is L-glutaminase. The medical applications include its use as anti-tumour agent as well as anti-retro viral agent. Lglutaminase food industry application includes its use as acrylamide degradation agent, as flavour enhancer and used for the synthesis of theanine. The other application incudes its use in hybridoma technology as bio sensing agent. Because of its diverse applications scientists are focussing on enhancing the production and optimization of L-glutaminase from various sources by both solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation studies. Of both types of fermentation studies, Solid State Fermentation (SSF) has gained importance because of its minimal cost and energy requirement for the production. The production of L-glutaminase by SSF has reported from both bacteria and fungi. Single factor as well as multi-level optimization studies were implied to enhance the L-glutaminase production. It was understood that the Lglutaminase activity achieved by SSF was 1690 U/g using wheat bran and bengal gram husk by employing feed forward artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. The highest Lglutaminase activity achieved under SSF was 3300 U/gds from Bacillus sp., by employing mixture design. Purification and kinetics studies were also reported to find the molecular weight of L-glutaminase as well as its stability. Conclusion: In the current review, study was focussed on the production of L-glutaminase by SSF. The production of L-glutaminase by SSF has reported from both bacteria and fungi. It was understood from the reported literature that optimization studies enhanced the production of L-glutaminase. Researchers has also confirmed the anti-leukemic, anti-tumour properties of the purified L-glutaminase on various cell lines.