spermine/atrophy

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Spermine protects alpha-synuclein expressing dopaminergic neurons from manganese-induced degeneration.

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Manganese exposure is among the many environmental risk factors linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as manganese-induced parkinsonism. In animal models, chronic exposure to manganese causes loss of cell viability, neurodegeneration, and functional deficits. Polyamines, such

Spermine oxidase maintains basal skeletal muscle gene expression and fiber size and is strongly repressed by conditions that cause skeletal muscle atrophy.

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Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common and debilitating condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. To better understand the mechanisms of muscle atrophy, we used mouse models to search for a skeletal muscle protein that helps to maintain muscle mass and is specifically lost during

Spermine-priming restrained water relations and biochemical deteriorations prompted by water deficit on two soybean cultivars

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The outstanding role of spermine in eliciting defense adaptation of soybean to different levels of water deficit (0, -0.1, -0.5 and -1.1 MPa) was investigated by determining the changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, water relations, and antioxidants. All the studied traits clearly

Spermine and spermidine reversed age-related cardiac deterioration in rats.

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Aging is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Slowing or reversing the physiological impact of heart aging may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with age-related CVD. The polyamines, spermine (SP) and spermidine (SPD) are essential for cell growth, differentiation

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone that codes for human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase.

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Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (Spd/Spm acetyltransferase) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of polyamines. This enzyme is highly inducible by several stimuli, including the natural polyamines and their structural analogues. To investigate the underlying mechanism responsible

Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase mRNA levels show marked and region-specific changes in the early phase after transient forebrain ischemia.

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Considerable evidence points to an involvement of natural polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in trophic regulation of brain tissue. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase is the key enzyme in the interconversion pathway which leads to the formation of spermidine and putrescine from

Spermine synthase deficiency causes lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative stress in models of Snyder-Robinson syndrome.

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Polyamines are tightly regulated polycations that are essential for life. Loss-of-function mutations in spermine synthase (SMS), a polyamine biosynthesis enzyme, cause Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS), an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome; however, little is known about the neuropathogenesis

Glutamate Excitotoxicity Linked to Spermine Oxidase Overexpression.

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Excitotoxic stress has been associated with several different neurological disorders, and it is one of the main causes of neuronal degeneration and death. To identify new potential proteins that could represent key factors in excitotoxic stress and to study the relationship between polyamine

Possible role of polyamines in gyrate atrophy.

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OBJECTIVE Gyrate atrophy (GA) is marked by hyperornithinemia and lowered ornithine amino transferase (OAT). However there are patients of GA without hyperornithinemia and those with hyperornithinemia without GA. Some cases of GA have been reported to have low lysine. The purpose of the study was to

Efficacy and toxicity of N,N',N",N"'-tetra(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoyl)-spermine for decorporation of 239Pu from mice.

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Male SAS/4 mice were injected i.v. with 6.6 kBq 239Pu-citrate. After 1 or 24 h a single i.p. injection of 15 or 30 mumol kg-1 or repeated (three or four) daily injections of 30 mumol kg-1 of tetra-THB-spermine were given, and at 4 or 7 days Pu retention was measured in liver, kidneys and femur.

Association of spermine and 4S RNA during axonal transport in regenerating optic nerves of goldfish.

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Experiments were designed to determine whether polyamines are bound to 4S RNA and then transported axonally along regenerating optic axons of goldfish. In one set of experiments, inhibition of retinal RNA synthesis by intraocular injections of 10 microgram of cordycepin, blocked the axonal transport

Relation of skin polyamines to the hairless phenotype in transgenic mice overexpressing spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferase.

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We recently generated a transgenic mouse line with activated polyamine catabolism due to overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. Phenotypic changes in these animals included permanent loss of hair at the age of 3 wk. We have now further explored development of hair loss during

Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology: The Emerging Role of Spermine Oxidase and Spermidine.

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Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the total body mass. Preserving muscle health and function is essential for the entire body in order to counteract chronic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Prolonged physical inactivity, particularly among the

Role of ATF4 in skeletal muscle atrophy.

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OBJECTIVE Here, we discuss recent work focused on the role of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in skeletal muscle atrophy. RESULTS Muscle atrophy involves and requires widespread changes in skeletal muscle gene expression; however, the transcriptional regulatory proteins responsible for

Pharmacological Inhibition of Spermine Oxidase Reduces Neurodegeneration and Improves Retinal Function in Diabetic Mice.

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant cause of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Lack of effective strategies to prevent or reduce vision loss is a major problem. Since the degeneration of retinal neurons is an early event in the diabetic retina, studies to characterize the molecular

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